Time Restricted Feeding Model in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 16:8 time-restricted feeding (TRF) model on anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, the study will assess participants' food preferences, nutrient intake, and gastrointestinal hormone responses, alongside serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels, during ad libitum breakfast meals served at the beginning and end of the intervention. The study consists of three groups: women with PCOS following a 16:8 TRF model for 12 weeks, women with PCOS following an energy-restricted diet for 12 weeks, and healthy women following a 16:8 TRF model for 12 weeks. Women aged 18-40, with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria, will be included in the PCOS groups, while those without PCOS-related symptoms will form the control group. Exclusion criteria include pregnancy, lactation, use of hormonal medications, and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes or severe liver/kidney dysfunction. Participants in the TRF groups will consume their daily caloric intake within an 8-hour eating window, fasting for the remaining 16 hours, while the energy-restricted group will follow a balanced diet without timing restrictions. Adherence to the dietary interventions will be monitored through weekly 24-hour dietary records. At baseline, participants will complete a demographic questionnaire, receive nutritional education for their nutritional plan, and undergo assessments for anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, sleep quality, food cravings, and physical activity. Biochemical analyses will evaluate thyroid and sex hormones, electrolytes, liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and hemograms. Additionally, all participants will wear smart wristbands (FitBit Charge 5) throughout the study to track sleep and physical activity. At the beginning and end of the study, participants will consume a standardized ad libitum breakfast meal during the early follicular phase (days 2-5 of menstrual bleeding). Participants will have 30 minutes to eat as much as they wish, and their consumption will be recorded by a dietitian. The nutrient content of the consumed foods will be analyzed using the Nutrition Information System (BEBIS) software. Blood samples will be collected and visual analogue scala (VAS) will be filled at fasting and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-meal. Serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, and incretin hormones will be analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) method. Data analysis will be performed using SPSS 23.0 via appropriate statistically analysis. Statistical significance is set at p\<0.05.

Sex

Female

Minimum age

19 Years

Maximum age

35 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* For study groups of women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

  * Aged between 19 and 35 years, with a diagnosis of PCOS
  * No chronic diseases diagnosed by a physician, other than PCOS
  * Body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m²
  * No use of oral contraceptives, insulin sensitizers, or anti-androgen medications in the last three months
* For the healthy control group

  * Aged between 19 and 35 years
  * No diagnosis of chronic diseases
  * Body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m²
  * No use of oral contraceptives, insulin sensitizers, or anti-androgen medications in the last three months

Exclusion Criteria:

* For all study groups:

  * Being in the menopause, pregnancy, or lactation period
  * Having a diagnosis of any chronic disease (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc.) other than PCOS, as determined by a physician
  * Having hyperprolactinemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, thyroid disorders, Cushing's syndrome, hepatic or renal dysfunction
  * Using antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, or glucocorticoid medications
  * Following any specific dietary treatment