Fusion or Cognitive Ultrasound-guided Biopsy to Detect Prostate Cancer

The MRI-targeted biopsy for prostate cancer detection can be performed using one of two techniques: 1. Software-based fusion of MRI and ultrasound images (software fusion) or 2. Visually estimated MRI-informed (cognitive fusion) technique To date, there is a lack of adequately powered RCTs directly comparing the cognitive vs fusion targeted biopsy. This randomized study will directly compare the detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer following either the cognitive or the fusion targeted prostate biopsy in men with suspicious lesions noted on multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) of prostate.

Sex

Male

Minimum age

18 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Men undergoing prostate biopsy (either transrectal or transperineal) for suspected prostate cancer as part of their regular medical care
* Must be eligible to undergo both prostate biopsy procedure (cognitive or fusion)
* Men undergoing their first prostate biopsy procedure or with no previous prostate biopsy within 3 years
* Pre-biopsy mp-MRI of prostate with one or more lesions classified as PIRADS 3-5
* Largest dimension of any lesion on mp-MRI to be ≤ 2 cm
* Prostate-specific antigen level ≤ 20 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination

Exclusion Criteria:

* mp-MRI detected lesions that are \> 2 cm
* History of prostate biopsy within 3 years
* Previous diagnosis of prostate cancer
* Contraindications to prostate biopsy (eg, fever, evidence of genito-urinary infection, excessive co-morbidities as per treating physician)

• BACKGROUNDKasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, Panebianco V, Mynderse LA, Vaarala MH, Briganti A, Budaus L, Hellawell G, Hindley RG, Roobol MJ, Eggener S, Ghei M, Villers A, Bladou F, Villeirs GM, Virdi J, Boxler S, Robert G, Singh PB, Venderink W, Hadaschik BA, Ruffion A, Hu JC, Margolis D, Crouzet S, Klotz L, Taneja SS, Pinto P, Gill I, Allen C, Giganti F, Freeman A, Morris S, Punwani S, Williams NR, Brew-Graves C, Deeks J, Takwoingi Y, Emberton M, Moore CM; PRECISION Study Group Collaborators. MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 10;378(19):1767-1777. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801993. Epub 2018 Mar 18. PMID 29552975
• BACKGROUNDSiddiqui MM, Rais-Bahrami S, Turkbey B, George AK, Rothwax J, Shakir N, Okoro C, Raskolnikov D, Parnes HL, Linehan WM, Merino MJ, Simon RM, Choyke PL, Wood BJ, Pinto PA. Comparison of MR/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy with ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. JAMA. 2015 Jan 27;313(4):390-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17942. PMID 25626035
• BACKGROUNDFalagario UG, Pellegrino F, Fanelli A, Guzzi F, Bartoletti R, Cash H, Pavlovich C, Emberton M, Carrieri G, Giannarini G. Prostate cancer detection and complications of MRI-targeted prostate biopsy using cognitive registration, software-assisted image fusion or in-bore guidance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2025 Jun;28(2):270-279. doi: 10.1038/s41391-024-00827-x. Epub 2024 Apr 5. PMID 38580833
• BACKGROUNDIzadpanahi MH, Elahian A, Gholipour F, Khorrami MH, Zargham M, Mohammadi Sichani M, Alizadeh F, Khorrami F. Diagnostic yield of fusion magnetic resonance-guided prostate biopsy versus cognitive-guided biopsy in biopsy-naive patients: a head-to-head randomized controlled trial. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021 Dec;24(4):1103-1109. doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00366-9. Epub 2021 Apr 27. PMID 33907293
• BACKGROUNDArsov C, Rabenalt R, Blondin D, Quentin M, Hiester A, Godehardt E, Gabbert HE, Becker N, Antoch G, Albers P, Schimmoller L. Prospective randomized trial comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided in-bore biopsy to MRI-ultrasound fusion and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in patients with prior negative biopsies. Eur Urol. 2015 Oct;68(4):713-20. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 23.