Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Cancer-related Fatigue in Patients With Cancer Receiving Palliative Systemic Treatment

Cancer-related fatigue is highly prevalent in patients receiving treatment for gliomas or palliative systemic treatment for cancer and is experienced as one of the most burdensome symptoms affecting patients' daily functioning and quality of life. From the KWF-sponsored TIRED trial, we concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing fatigue in cancer patients with severe fatigue during palliative systemic treatment and in glioma patients. However, in its current form, integration in routine medical care is difficult and scalability is a problem, as the intervention is time-intensive, requires face-to-face consults with a psychologists, and the availability of trained psychologists is limited. The investigators expect that inter-CBT will integrate well into clinical practice and prove non-inferior in achieving a reduction in fatigue compared to face-to-face CBT as investigated in the TIRED and GRIP study. It is further expected that the interviews will provide useful information to implement this intervention. The main aims to answer are: * To determine the non-inferiority of CBT primarily led by nurese, compared with benchmark studies in which CBT was provided by psychologists, in its effect on reduction in cancer-related fatigue * To adapt CBT delivery to the needs of patients treated with palliative intent and glioma (interdisciplinary web-based CBT for cancer-related fatigue. * To investigate its feasibility by evaluating the practical workability, acceptability, and burden for patients and health care providers. Participants will follow the 12 weeks CBT intervention online, mainly guided by their nurse. Participants will start with a face-to-face session with the psychologists, partly together with their nurse, to start with setting their treatment goals. Then, they will work on the modules that are applicable to them. During the CBT intervention there will be a face-to-face session with their nurse to discuss the progress of their goals. Finally, all participants will complete the therapy by realizing their treatment goals. The outcomes with respect to fatigue severity and participants' goals will be discussed by the nurse with the participant in the final, face-to-face sessions. The face-to-face sessions will take 30 to max. 45 minutes, except for the first session, which will take one hour of which the nurse will be present during 15 minutes. Researchers will compare the outcomes of the study to a benchmark study where CBT was provided by psychologists in its effect on reduction in cancer-related fatigue.

Sex

All

Minimum age

18 Years

Solid (non-brain) tumor patients

Inclusion Criteria:

* Receive systemic treatment with palliative intent for a solid (non-brain) tumor
* Are ≥18 years old
* Are proficient in Dutch
* Report severe fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength, fatigue severity subscale \[CIS-fatigue\] score ≥35)
* A life expectancy of ≥6 months according to their oncologist
* Access to a device with internet

Exclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic brain metastases
* Dual immunotherapy
* Have a poor performance status (Karnofsky \<70)
* Are currently receiving treatment for a mental disorder.
* Treatable somatic cause that could explain the presence of severe fatigue (other than the underlying disease and the cancer treatment itself)
* Severe cognitive deficits

Glioma patients

Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically confirmed diffuse glioma WHO grade 2, 3, or 4
* No oncological treatment for at least two months prior to inclusion
* Are ≥18 years old
* Are proficient in Dutch
* Report severe fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength, fatigue severity subscale \[CIS-fatigue\] score ≥35)
* A life expectancy of ≥3 months according to their oncologist
* Access to a device with internet

Exclusion Criteria:

* Signs of radiological or clinical tumor progression at the time of inclusion
* Corticosteroid use
* Have a poor performance status (Karnofsky \<70)
* Are currently receiving treatment for a mental disorder
* Treatable somatic cause that could explain the presence of severe fatigue (other than the underlying disease and the cancer treatment itself).
* Severe cognitive deficits

• RESULTGorter M, Rottgering JG, Belgers V, Blom MEC, Thomassen B, De Witt Hamer PC, Niers JM, Kouwenhoven MCM, Bienfait HP, Gathier CS, Compter A, Geurts M, Snijders TJ, van de Ven PM, Douw L, Knoop H, Klein M. Bayesian adaptive randomized trial of blended cognitive behavioral therapy for severe fatigue in stable diffuse glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2026 Mar 1;28(3):693-703. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noaf256. PMID 41208030
• RESULTPoort H, Verhagen CA, Peters ME, Goedendorp MM, Donders AR, Hopman MT, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW, Berends T, Bleijenberg G, Knoop H. Study protocol of the TIRED study: a randomised controlled trial comparing either graded exercise therapy for severe fatigue or cognitive behaviour therapy with usual care in patients with incurable cancer. BMC Cancer. 2017 Jan 28;17(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3076-0. PMID 28129746