A Study to Compare Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Monotherapy Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice as Second-line Treatment for Participants With Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (MK-2870-020/TroFuse-020/Gog-3101/ENGOT-cx20)

Inclusion Criteria:

* Has histologically-confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma of the cervix
* Must have recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer that has progressed on or after treatment with 1 prior line of systemic platinum doublet chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab) AND must have received anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy as part of prior cervical cancer regimens
* Has measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, as assessed by the investigator. Lesions situated in a previously irradiated area are considered measurable if progression has been shown in such lesions
* Is assigned female sex at birth, at least 18 years of age at the time of providing the informed consent
* Has ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 within 7 days before allocation for the Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Run-in or within 7 days before randomization for the Phase 3 portion
* Has provided tumor tissue (most recent sample is preferred) from a core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion not previously irradiated
* HIV-infected participants must have well controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART)
* Participants who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive are eligible if they have received hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral therapy for at least 4 weeks, and have undetectable HBV viral load prior to allocation (Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Run-in) or randomization (Phase 3 portion)
* Participants with history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are eligible if HCV viral load is undetectable at screening
* Has adequate organ function

Exclusion Criteria:

* Has Grade ≥2 peripheral neuropathy
* Has history of documented severe dry eye syndrome, severe Meibomian gland disease and/or blepharitis, or severe corneal disease that prevents/delays corneal healing
* Has active inflammatory bowel disease requiring immunosuppressive medication or previous history of inflammatory bowel disease (eg, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or chronic diarrhea)
* Has uncontrolled, significant cardiovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease.
* Received prior systemic anticancer therapy
* Received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study intervention, or has radiation-related toxicities, requiring corticosteroids
* Received a live or live-attenuated vaccine within 30 days before the first dose of study intervention. Administration of killed vaccines is allowed
* Has other histological subtypes of cervical cancer apart from squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma (eg, carcinosarcoma), or has a diagnosis of nonepithelial cancer (eg, sarcoma, neuroendocrine tumors) of the cervix.
* Known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 3 years
* Known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis
* Active infection requiring systemic therapy
* HIV-infected participants with a history of Kaposi's sarcoma and/or Multicentric Castleman's Disease
* Concurrent active Hepatitis B and active Hepatitis C virus infection
* Severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to sacituzumab tirumotecan or treatment of physician's choice (TPC) and/or any of their excipients, or other biologic therapy
* Participants who have not adequately recovered from major surgery or have ongoing surgical complications
* Has a history of (noninfectious) pneumonitis/ILD that required steroids or has current pneumonitis/ILD