A Clinical Feasibility Study of a Photoacoustic Finder

Determining the prognosis of breast cancer relies significantly on axillary staging by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNb). The SLNb is generally performed using radioisotopes, blue dyes, or both to improve the false negative rate. However, a gamma probe with radioisotopes involves ionizing radiation, and blue dye detection relies on visual inspection by an operator. To overcome these limitations, the photoacoustic finder (PAF) was developed as a highly sensitive, non-radioactive detector that uses only blue dye and a photoacoustic signal to detect SLNs. To evaluate the PAF, its performance was compared with the standard SLN detection method for breast cancer patients.

Sex

All

Minimum age

19 Years

Maximum age

74 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* age between 19 and 74 years
* histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer or intraepithelial carcinoma
* no clinical suspicion of axillary LN metastasis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previously undergone ipsilateral breast
* Axillary surgery
* Received chemotherapy prior to surgery
* who were unable to undergo SLN biopsy
* who had confirmed axillary LN metastasis by histologic examination
* who had breast cancer while lactating or pregnant

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