Fluorouracil Treatment Via Colon for Colorectal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Chinese individuals aged 18 to 75 years, both male and female;
2. Histologically confirmed diagnosis of colorectal cancer with measurable primary lesion according to RECIST 1.1;
3. ECOG performance status ≤2;
4. Expected survival of more than 3 months;
5. Multidisciplinary team consensus that the patient is suitable for adding local chemotherapy to the established tumor treatment regimen;
6. Adequate organ function meeting the following criteria: (1) Absolute neutrophil count ≥1.5 × 10\^9/L, platelets ≥100 × 10\^9/L, hemoglobin ≥90 g/L; (2) Total bilirubin ≤1.5 times the upper limit of normal (patients with biliary drainage via retrograde techniques included); ALT and AST ≤5 times the upper limit of normal, and for patients with liver metastases, serum total bilirubin less than or equal to 3 times the upper limit of the normal reference range; (3) Creatinine \<120 μmol/L, or MDRD estimated glomerular filtration rate \>60 mL/min; (4) Doppler echocardiography assessment: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%;
7. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (serum or urine) within 7 days before enrollment, and sexually active men or women agree to use appropriate contraception during the trial and for 8 weeks after the last dose of investigational drug;
8. Suitable physical condition and personal willingness to undergo colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing;
9. Willingness to cooperate with physicians, and agree to regular follow-up visits and examinations as recommended after completion of treatment;
10. Agreement to specimen collection and voluntary signing of a written informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Uncontrolled cardiovascular diseases, such as congestive heart failure (NYHA III-IV), coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, or hemodynamic instability at enrollment, with a risk of significant events during the treatment period;
2. Active severe clinical infections (≥ Grade 2 according to NCI-CTCAE version 5.0), including fungal, viral, or tuberculosis infections within the gastrointestinal tract;
3. Coagulation abnormalities with bleeding tendencies (who do not meet the criteria of having a normal INR without the use of anticoagulants within 14 days prior to enrollment). Participants receiving anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin or heparin are excluded unless their international normalized ratio (INR) is ≤1.5, with allowance for low-dose warfarin (1 mg orally once daily) or low-dose aspirin (daily dose not exceeding 100 mg) for prophylaxis;
4. History of immunodeficiency or other acquired or congenital immunodeficiency diseases, or history of organ transplantation;
5. Known progressive or actively treated other malignancies requiring intervention, except for adequately treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or cervical carcinoma in situ;
6. Presence of other serious diseases that would render the subject ineligible for enrollment as determined by the investigator;
7. Breastfeeding women;
8. Known allergy or intolerance to the investigational drug or its excipients;
9. Participation in another drug clinical trial within the past four weeks;
10. Lack of legal capacity or restricted legal capacity.