A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Robotic Telesurgery Versus Laparoscopic Surgery

Inclusion Criteria:

* Liver Cancer:

  1. Age 18 - 75 years.
  2. Clinical diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma or benign tumor such as hepatic adenoma.
  3. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC stage 0-B) who were considered suitable for laparoscopic or robotic partial hepatectomy after MDT discussion, or benign tumor such as liver adenoma.
  4. ECOG score 0 \~ 1.
  5. Child-Pugh score 5 \~ 7.
* Renal cancer:

  1. Age 18 - 75 years old.
  2. Clinical diagnosis of renal cancer (cT1-T2) or benign tumor such as renal malformation tumor.
  3. Patients with benign tumors such as renal cancer (cT1-T2) or renal staggered tumor who were considered amenable to laparoscopic or robotic partial nephrectomy after MDT discussion.
  4. ECOG score 0 \~ 1.
* Rectal cancer:

  1. Age 18 - 75 years old.
  2. Clinical diagnosis of rectal cancer (Stage I-III).
  3. Patients with primary rectal cancer who are considered amenable to laparoscopic or robotic radical rectal adenocarcinoma surgery after MDT discussion.
  4. ECOG score 0 \~ 1.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Liver Cancer:

  1. Pregnant and lactating women.
  2. Combination of other malignant tumors or other malignant tumors within 5 years before enrollment.
  3. Recipients of allogeneic organ transplantation.
  4. Severe dysfunction of heart, lung, kidney and other organs.
* Renal cancer:

  1. Pregnant and lactating women.
  2. Lymph node metastasis, metastasis to other organs, previous surgical history of renal cancer, or any situation that cannot accept general anesthesia.
  3. Combination of other malignant tumors or combination of other malignant tumors within 5 years prior to enrollment.
  4. allogeneic organ transplant recipients.
  5. Severe dysfunction of heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs.
* Rectal cancer:

  1. patients with stage IV or complicated disease and emergency surgery.
  2. Pregnant and lactating women.
  3. Combination of other malignant tumors or combination of other malignant tumors within 5 years before enrollment.
  4. Allogeneic organ transplant recipients.
  5. Severe dysfunction of heart, lung, kidney and other organs.