All-trans Retinoic Acid in Combination With a KPD Regimen for the Treatment of Refractory/Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 years.
2. Subjects must have a diagnosis of multiple myeloma based on the following criteria: (1) Monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow in ≥10% of patients at some point in time when the presence of plasmacytoma is confirmed by disease history or biopsy. (2) Measurable disease is defined as follows: Serum monoclonal gammaglobulin (M protein) level ≥ 5 g/L; or urinary M protein level ≥ 200 mg/24 hours; or serum immunoglobulin free light chain ≥ 100 mg/L (10 mg/dL) and abnormal serum immunoglobulin kap/lam light chain ratio.
3. Diagnosis of refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma: (1) Relapse is defined as the progression of disease after an initial response (≥MR) to prior therapy 60 days after cessation of therapy. (2) Refractory disease is defined as a \<25% reduction in M protein or disease progression during treatment or within 60 days of stopping treatment.
4. ECOG assessment of 0, 1, or 2.
5. Life expectancy of at least 3 months.
6. The patient/legal guardian must be able to read, understand, and sign the informed consent form (ICF).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient who currently participating or planning to participate in any interventional clinical study.
2. The investigator considers the patient unsuitable for participation in this study.
3. Non-secretory myeloma.
4. Subjects have received antimyeloma therapy within 2 weeks or 5 pharmacokinetic half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to initiation of treatment. This includes subjects who received a cumulative dose of corticosteroids greater than or equal to a 140 mg prednisone equivalent dose or a single dose of corticosteroids greater than or equal to a 40 mg/day dexamethasone equivalent dose within 2 weeks prior to initiation of treatment.
5. Subjects who have previously received an allogeneic stem cell transplant within 1 year prior to the date of enrollment and have not used immunosuppressive medications within 1 month prior to the date of enrollment.
6. Inadequate bone marrow reserve as defined by a platelet count \<30 x 109/L or absolute neutrophil count \<1.0 x 109/L.
7. Subject has clinically significant lung disease, including: (1) Subject has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) \<50% of predicted normal. Please note that patients suspected of having COPD will be required to undergo FEV1 testing and subjects must be excluded if FEV1 is \<50% of predicted normal. (2) Subjects who have had moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years or currently have any category of uncontrolled asthma. (Please note that subjects who currently have controlled intermittent asthma or controlled mild persistent asthma may participate in this study)
8. Subjects with clinically significant cardiac disease, including (1) Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1, or unstable or uncontrolled disease/condition related to or affecting cardiac function (e.g., unstable angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association Class III-IV). (2) Cardiac arrhythmia (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\], 4th Edition, Grade 4 edition grade 2 or higher) or clinically significant ECG abnormalities. (3) Screening 12-lead ECG showing a baseline QT interval (QTcF) corrected by the Friedreichian formula \>470 ms.
9. Severe hepatic dysfunction (total bilirubin 3 times normal or transaminases 3 times normal) unless associated with myeloma.
10. Creatinine clearance \<20 mL/min.
11. Known allergy to components of the test product, or severe allergy or hypersensitivity to humanized products.
12. The subject has a concurrent serious and/or uncontrolled medical condition (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, infections, hypertension, etc.) that may interfere with the study procedures or results or that, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose a risk to participation in this study.
13. Subjects known to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or have active hepatitis B or C.
14. History of active malignancy within the past 5 years, except squamous and basal cell carcinoma of the skin and carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or cured within 5 years with minimal risk of recurrence in the opinion of the local investigator, in agreement with the principal investigator.
15. Subjects known or suspected of not being able to comply with the study protocol (e.g. due to alcoholism, drug dependence, or psychological disorders), or the subject has any condition that, in the investigator's belief that participation would not be in the subject's best interest (e.g., detrimental to their well-being) or would likely prevent, limit, or confound protocol-specified assessments.
16. Pregnant or lactating females.
17. Peripheral neuritis ≥ grade 3.