Study of Rates of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Men of African Ancestry Using MRI and MRI Guided Biopsy

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in American men; it is a leading cause of death. Men of African ancestry have a higher rate of prostate cancer, and a higher likelihood of death, compared to men of European ancestry. The reasons for these higher rates are not known; they may include genetic and environmental factors. Better screening methods are needed. Objective: To test an imaging technology called multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for detecting prostate cancer in men of African ancestry. Eligibility: Men of African ancestry aged 35 years or older with prostate cancer and/or a strong family history of prostate cancer. Design: Participants will be screened. They will have a physical exam with blood and urine tests. Participants will have an mpMRI. They will lie on a narrow bed that slides into a large cylinder. They will lie still for about 45 minutes. They will hear loud noises during the scan; they may wear earplugs or headphones to muffle the sound. Some participants may have a dye injected into a vein. If the scan indicates participants risk of prostate cancer is medium or high, they will have a biopsy: The area will be numbed, and samples of tissue will be removed from the prostate. The biopsy will be done within 6 months. If the scan indicates participants risk of prostate cancer is low, they will not have a biopsy. All participants will be followed for 5 years. They and/or their local doctors will be contacted once a year for follow-up. Additional mpMRIs may be recommended.

Sex

Male

Minimum age

35 Years

Maximum age

120 Years

* INCLUSION CRITERIA:
* Age \>35 years.
* Men self-identified as being of African Ancestry.
* Elevated serum prostate specific antigen of \>=3ng/ml and/or positive digital rectal examination and/or strong family history of prostate cancer (at least 1 first or second degree male relative).
* ECOG performance status \<=2.
* Ability of participant to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
* Must be co-enrolled in protocols 16-C-0010 and/or 18-C-0017.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

* Prior prostate biopsy.
* Prior radiotherapy or surgery for prostate cancer.
* Prior or ongoing hormonal therapy or chemotherapy (e.g., docetaxel) for prostate cancer.
* Participants unwilling or unable to undergo MRI, including participants with contraindications to MRI.
* Participants unwilling or unable to undergo biopsy, including participants with contraindications to biopsy.