Immunotherapy Plus Chemotherapy vs. Chemoradiotherapy for Thoracic Squamous Esophageal Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria:

* histologically-confirmed squamous cell carcinoma
* primary lesions located in the thoracic esophagus
* clinical stage cT4 or at least one group of lymph nodes invade the surrounding organs and unresectable lymph nodes
* having not received neoadjuvant therapy
* 18-75 years
* ECOG performance status of 0 or 1
* no prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy for any cancers
* adequate organ function
* expectation of R0 resection
* provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* corticosteroid treatment (equivalent to prednisone \>10 mg/day) within 14 days before the first day of the drug administration
* acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or active hepatitis B (DNA ≥ 104 copies/ml) or C (RNA ≥ 103 copies/ml) viral infections
* history of pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease with clinical evidence, such as interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis features on baseline CT scans
* known or concurrent bleeding disorders or other uncontrolled diseases contraindicating surgical treatment
* physical examination or clinical trial findings that can interfere with the results or put the patient at increased risk for treatment complications
* comorbidities, including chronic pulmonary disease, poorly controlled hypertension, unstable angina, myocardial infarction within 6 months, and unstable mental disorders requiring therapy
* allergy to drugs used in the study
* participation in other clinical trials within 30 days before enrollment
* ineligibility for participation based on the decision of investigators.