Organoids Predict Therapeutic Response in Patients With Multi-line Drug-resistant Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female patients: ≥18 years old.
2. For non-small cell lung cancer confirmed by histology or cytology, there is no standard protocol recommendation in the guidelines for disease progression after multiline standard therapy.
3. Expected survival ≥3 months.
4. Sign informed consent.
5. The patient is willing and able to adhere to the protocol during the study, including receiving treatment and scheduled visits and examinations, including follow-up.
6. Accessible to biopsy and/or surgery sample of metastasis and/or primitive tumour
7. At least one previously unirradiated lesion that can be accurately measured at baseline with longest diameter ≥ 10 mm (must have a short lymph node excluding axis ≥ 15 mm) according to RECIST criteria with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or clinical examination for accurate repeated measures. Or an unevaluable lesion, including but not limited to pleural and ascites, bone metastasis, etc.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participated in clinical trials of other drugs within four weeks.
2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed small cell, large cell neuroendocrine or carcinoid.
3. Not accessible to biopsy and/or surgery sample.
4. Not enough lung tissue for a histological analysis or the remaining lung tissue is not enough to perform a routine pathological analysis.
5. There are clinical symptoms or diseases of the heart that cannot be well controlled, such as: NYHA class 2 or higher heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction within 1 year, clinically significant supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia requiring treatment or intervention of patients.
6. For female subjects: should be surgically sterilized, postmenopausal patients, or agree to use a medically approved contraceptive during the study treatment period and within 6 months after the end of the study treatment period; Serum or urine pregnancy test must be negative within 7 days and must be non-nursing. Male subjects: Patients who should be surgically sterilized, or who agree to use a medically-approved contraceptive method during the study treatment period and within 6 months after the end of the study treatment period.
7. The patient has active pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial or fungal infection (≥ grade 2 of NCI-CTC, 3rd edition); HIV infection, HBV infection, HCV infection.

   Those who have a history of psychotropic substance abuse and cannot quit or have mental disorders.
8. The subject has any active autoimmune disease or has a history of autoimmune disease (such as the following, but not limited to: interstitial pneumonia, uveitis, enteritis, hepatitis, hypophysitis, nephritis, hyperthyroidism, thyroid Reduced function; subjects with vitiligo or complete remission of asthma in childhood without any intervention in adulthood can be included; subjects with asthma requiring bronchodilator medical intervention are not included).
9. According to the judgment of the investigator, there are concomitant diseases that seriously endanger the patient's safety or affect the patient's completion of the study.