Influence of Molecular Abnormalities on Response of VAH vs. VEN+HMA in RR-AML

Inclusion Criteria:

1. RR-AML
2. Patients must have been treated for at least one cycle of VEN-based regimen and finished outcome assessment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML subtype M3)
2. Previous exposure to the treatment of VEN-based regimen
3. Cardiac dysfunction (particularly congestive heart failure, unstable coronary artery disease and serious cardiac ventricular arrhythmias requiring antiarrhythmic therapy)
4. Respiratory failure (PaO2 ≤60mmHg)
5. Hepatic abnormalities (total bilirubin ≥2 times the upper limit of normal \[ULN\], alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥2 times the ULN)
6. Renal dysfunction (creatinine ≥2 times the ULN or creatinine clearance rate \< 30 mL/min)
7. ECOG performance status 3, 4 or 5
8. Substantial history of neurological, psychiatric, endocrine, metabolic, immunological, or any other medical condition not suitable for the trial (investigators' decision)
9. Active acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Active acute GVHD or chronic GVHD is defined as GVHD requiring either at least 1 mg/kg per day of prednisone (or equivalent) or treatment beyond systemic corticosteroids.
10. Patients with pregnancy
11. Uncontrolled active infection
12. Clinically significant coagulation abnormalities