Efficacy of Ipsilateral High Thoracic Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Thoracic Cancer Surgeries

Inclusion Criteria:

1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I and II.
2. Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 60 Years.
3. Patients undergoing thoracic surgery e.g.: metastatectomy, lobectomy, pneumonectomy or pleuro-pneumonectomy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient refusal.
2. Local infection at the puncture site.
3. Coagulopathy with the international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 1.6: hereditary (e.g. hemophilia, fibrinogen abnormalities and deficiency of factor II) - acquired (e.g. impaired liver functions with prothrombin concentration less than 60 %, vitamin K deficiency \& therapeutic anticoagulants drugs).
4. Unstable cardiovascular disease.
5. History of psychiatric and cognitive disorders.
6. Patients allergic to medication used.