Bomedemstat and Maintenance Immunotherapy for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult aged 18 years or older and willing and able to provide written informed consent
* Histologically confirmed diagnosis of extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)

  * Note: Previously treated limited stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) patients are eligible if disease progression had occurred following completion of definitive treatment for LS-SCLC. Determination of disease progression after prior therapy for LS-SCLC is at the discretion of the investigator
* Having received four cycles of platinum-etoposide concurrent with three or four cycles of immune checkpoint inhibitor as induction systemic therapy for ES-SCLC immediately prior to study enrollment (see below for definitions). Note that immune checkpoint inhibitor may have been omitted from the first cycle only

  * Platinum is defined as cisplatin or carboplatin. Immune checkpoint inhibitor is defined as atezolizumab, durvalumab, or other anti-PDL1 or anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody that is approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration for first-line treatment of ES-SCLC in combination with platinum and etoposide at the time of treatment receipt. Immediately prior is defined as receipt of cycle 1 day 1 of platinum-etoposide +/- immune checkpoint inhibitor no more than 112 days prior to cycle 1 day 1 of study treatment, and administration of fourth cycle of platinum-etoposide and immune checkpoint inhibitor no more than 30 days prior to cycle 1 day 1 of study treatment
* Eligible to receive maintenance atezolizumab, as defined by stable disease or better, following induction platinum-etoposide and immune checkpoint inhibitor. Determination of response to induction therapy is at the discretion of the investigator. Investigators should contact the principal investigator (PI) if clarification is needed
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG performance status of =\< 2)
* Minimum life expectancy of \>= 12 weeks

  * Note: myeloid growth factor use within 14 days of study treatment initiation is not permitted. Growth factor may have been previously administered during induction chemoimmunotherapy
* Platelet count (Plt) \>= 75 x 10\^3/mcL (without transfusion)
* Hemoglobin (Hgb) \>= 8.0 g/dL (transfusion is permitted)
* Calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR; using the Cockcroft-Gault equation) \>= 40 mL/min or serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal
* Serum total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or =\< 3 x ULN for subjects with Gilbert's disease
* Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 2.5 x ULN (=\< 5 x ULN if evidence of hepatic involvement by malignant disease)
* International normalized ratio (INR) \< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (only in patients not receiving anticoagulant agents at baseline)

  * Note: there is no INR or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) threshold for patients who are receiving anticoagulant agents at baseline, but patients must be on a stable dose of anticoagulant, and discontinuation of all anticoagulation while the platelet count is below 50 x 10\^3/mcL must be deemed appropriate for the patient by the investigator prior to enrollment
* Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) \< 1.5 x the local upper limit of normal (only in patients not receiving anticoagulant agents at baseline)

  * Note: there is no INR or aPTT threshold for patients who are receiving anticoagulant agents at baseline, but patients must be on a stable dose of anticoagulant, and discontinuation of all anticoagulation while the platelet count is below 50 x 10\^3/mcL must be deemed appropriate for the patient by the investigator prior to enrollment
* Able to swallow capsules
* Amenable to peripheral blood sampling during the study
* Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 28 days after the last dose of study medication. Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for \> 1 year
* Male subjects who are sexually active with female partner(s) of childbearing potential should be willing to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 28 days after the last dose of study therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior receipt of systemic therapy for ES-SCLC other than four cycles of induction platinum-etoposide and immune checkpoint inhibitor
* Diagnosis of LS-SCLC that has not been previously treated
* Receipt of radiation therapy for symptomatic deterioration and/or radiographic disease progression that was administered after initiation of induction platinum-etoposide and immune checkpoint inhibitor. Note: the presence of untreated asymptomatic brain metastasis, or a history of receipt of radiation to brain metastasis that was not initiated in response to symptomatic deterioration and/or radiographic disease progression following initiation of induction systemic therapy, does not preclude study participation. Investigators should contact the PI if clarification is needed
* Anticipated use of prophylactic cranial irradiation or consolidative thoracic radiation therapy during study participation. Note: Palliative radiation to the central nervous system (CNS) for new CNS disease that develops during study participation is allowed
* History of prior immune-related adverse event or other toxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor that precludes safe administration of maintenance atezolizumab, in the opinion of the investigator
* Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 14 days prior to the first dose of study treatment. The following are exceptions to this criterion:

  * Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids or local steroid injections (e.g., intra-articular injection)
  * Systemic corticosteroids at doses not to exceed 10 mg/d of prednisone or equivalent
  * Steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., computed tomography \[CT\] scan premedication)
* Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic immunosuppression or history of autoimmune disease requiring systemic immunosuppression within the last 2 years

  * Note: Systemic immunosuppression should be interpreted as systemic glucocorticoids at a dose of greater than 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent, systemic biologic agents including monoclonal antibodies against inflammatory mediators, or small molecule agents. Investigators should contact the PI if clarification is needed
* Active pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease (ILD), or a history of pneumonitis/ILD, which required systemic immunosuppression (e.g. corticosteroids)
* Known bleeding disorder (e.g., dysfibrinogenaemia, factor IX deficiency, hemophilia, Von Willebrand's disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation \[DIC\], fibrinogen deficiency, or other clotting factor deficiency), at the discretion of the investigator
* History of severe thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction (e.g. immune thrombocytopenic purpura), at the discretion of the investigator
* Known immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reaction or idiosyncrasy to drugs chemically related to bomedemstat or LSD1 inhibitors (i.e., monoamine oxidase inhibitors; MAOIs) that contraindicates their participation
* Any hypersensitivity to PD-1/PD-L1 targeting agents
* Current use of monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors (MAOIs)
* Current use of a prohibited medication (e.g. romiplostim) or expected to require any of these medications during treatment with the investigational drug
* Current or anticipated use of an antiplatelet (e.g. clopidogrel), anticoagulant (e.g. warfarin or apixaban), or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antiplatelet activity (e.g. aspirin, ibuprofen), that, in the opinion of the investigator, could NOT be safely discontinued when the subject's platelet count decreases below 50 x 10\^3/mcL
* Has undergone major surgery within 4 weeks prior to starting study drug and/or has not recovered from side effects of such surgery. Note: Major surgery and recovery are defined at the discretion of the investigator
* Receipt of a live vaccine within 30 days of first dose of study therapy
* Uncontrolled active infection
* Any concomitant active malignancy considered clinically significant by the investigator
* Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or known active hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection (testing will not be conducted as part of screening procedures)
* History of any illness/impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function that might interfere with drug absorption (e.g. chronic diarrhea), confound the study results or pose an additional risk to the patient by participation in the study
* Use of an investigational agent within 28 days, or the equivalent of at least 7 half-lives of that agent, whichever is the shorter, prior to the study day 1
* Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding or plan to become pregnant or breastfeed at any time during the study