Adjuvant Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Pediatric Patients With High-grade Glioma or Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma

Childhood aggressive gliomas are rare brain tumors with very poor prognosis. Due to the tumor's location and infiltrative nature, surgical removal is not always possible, and even when resection is performed and combined with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, tumor cells frequently persist, eventually giving rise to tumor recurrence. A promising strategy to eradicate persisting tumor cells is vaccination with dendritic cells (DC). DC are immune cells that play an important role in organizing the body's defense against cancer. The goal of DC vaccination is to activate these natural anti-tumor defense mechanisms to delay or prevent tumor progression or recurrence. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that DC vaccination is well-tolerated, safe and capable of eliciting tumorspecific immunity. A clinical study including 10 pediatric patients (aged ≥ 12 months and \< 18 years at the time of signing the informed consent) with brain (stem) tumors is initiated at the Antwerp University Hospital to investigate intradermal vaccination with WT1 mRNA-loaded autologous monocyte-derived DCs, either combined with first-line chemoradiation treatment or administered as adjuvant therapy following previous therapies. The general objective of this phase I/II clinical study is (1) to demonstrate that WT1-targeted DC vaccine production and administration in pediatric patients with HGG and DIPG, either combined with first-line chemoradiation treatment or administered as adjuvant therapy following previous therapies, is feasible and safe, (2) to study vaccine-induced immune responses, (3) to document patients' quality of life and clinical outcome for comparison with current patients' outcome allowing indication of the added value.

Sex

All

Minimum age

12 Months

Maximum age

17 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of

  * High grade glioma (WHO grade III or IV), histologically verified
  * Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma, verified by radiologic criteria (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) or by histology. A biopsy is not required but recommended.
* Aged ≥ 12 months and \< 18 years at the time of signing the informed consent
* Body weight ≥ 10 kg
* Lansky score (for patients \< 16 years) or Karnofsky score (for patients ≥ 16 years) of ≥ 50
* Reasonable life expectancy ≥ 8 weeks, as estimated by the treating physician
* Adequate hematological blood values and sufficient recovery from treatment-related toxicities (\> grade 1) following previous anti-glioma treatments, as judged by the treating physician
* Written informed consent of parents or legal guardian. Written informed consent of patients aged 12 years or older (written informed consent of patients younger than 12 years is optional).
* Willing and able to comply with the protocol, as judged by the treating physician
* Female patients of child bearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test at the time of screening. Female patients of child bearing potential and male patients must agree to use effective contraception before, during and for at least hundred days after the last study treatment administration. Female subjects who are breastfeeding should discontinue nursing prior to the first dose of study treatment and until at least hundred days after the last study treatment administration.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of any investigational agents ≤ 4 weeks before the planned day of leukapheresis.
* Concomitant malignancy or history of another malignancy (unless the Investigator rationalizes otherwise)
* Known concomitant presence of any active immunosuppressive disease (e.g. HIV) or any active autoimmune condition, except for vitiligo
* Any pre-existing contra-indication for contrast-enhanced MRI
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* Any other condition, either physical or psychological, or reasonable suspicion thereof on clinical or special investigation, which contraindicates the use of the vaccine, or may negatively affect patient compliance, or may place the patient at higher risk of potential treatment complications

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