Daunorubicin or Idarubicin With Cytarabine Plus Quizartinib vs Physician's Choice in Newly Diagnosed FLT3-ITD+ AML

Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosis of untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to the WHO 2016 definition
* Positive for FLT3-ITD (defined as a ratio of mutant to wild-type alleles of at least 0.05; measured within 4 weeks before randomization)
* No prior chemotherapy for leukemia except hydroxyurea to control hyperleukocytosis before randomization (≤7 days) \*
* Age ≥18 years, no upper age limit
* ECOG PS ≤2. (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status)
* Adequate renal function defined as creatinine clearance \>50 mL/min (calculated using the standard method of the local institution)
* Considered eligible to receive intensive chemotherapy as per investigator judgment
* No contraindications for FLT3-inhibitor therapy
* No severe organ function abnormalities
* Not included in other first-line trials
* Non-pregnant and non-nursing women
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL within 48 hours prior to randomization. ("Women of childbearing potential" is defined as a sexually active mature woman who has not undergone a hysterectomy or who has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months).
* WOCBP must agree to avoid getting pregnant while on therapy: WOCBP must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin and adhere to one acceptable method of birth control (IUD, tubal ligation, or partner's vasectomy) during study and 6 months after end of study/treatment.\*\*
* Men must use a latex condom during any sexual contact with WOCBP, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy and must agree to avoid to father a child during study and 6 months after end of study/treatment
* Signed written informed consent
* Ability of patient to understand character and consequences of the clinical trial
* Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plans, laboratory tests, and other study procedures

  * In case hyperleukocytosis is not controllable with hydroxyurea, treatment with e.g. cytarabine should be discussed in Germany with the principal investigator and in Spain with the PETHEMA trials office or for patients of both countries with the medical coordinator.

    * A high follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the postmenopausal range may be used to confirm a post-menopausal state in women not using hormonal contraception or hormonal replacement therapy at investigator's discretion.

Exclusion Criteria

* AML with PML-RARA or BCR-ABL1
* Patients with known active central nervous system (CNS) leukemia (assessed clinically).
* Isolated extramedullary manifestation of AML
* Patients with a "currently active" second malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancer. Patients are not considered to have a "currently active" malignancy if they have completed therapy for more than one year and are considered by their physician to be at less than 30% risk of relapse within one year.
* Prior treatment for AML, except for the following allowances:

  * Leukapheresis;
  * Treatment for hyperleukocytosis with hydroxyurea;
  * Cranial radiotherapy for central nervous system (CNS) leukostasis;
  * Prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy;
  * Growth factor/cytokine support;
* Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease, including any of the following:

  * History of heart failure NYHA class 3 or 4
  * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% by echocardiogram (ECHO)
  * History of uncontrolled angina pectoris or myocardial infarction within 12 months prior to screening
  * History of second (Mobitz II) or third degree heart block or any cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy (beta blockers or digoxin are permitted)
* Inadequate liver function at screening: ALT and AST ≥2.5 x ULN), total bilirubin ≥1.5 x ULN; Alkaline phosphatase ≥2.5 x ULN. Known liver cirrhosis or history of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS)
* Known positivity for HIV, active HBV, HCV or hepatitis A infection (active hepatitis HBV defined by HBsAg positivity, active HCV defined by positive virus load)
* Uncontrolled active infection
* Evidence or history of severe non-leukemia associated bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy
* Any one of the following ongoing or present in the previous 6 months: congenital long QT syndrome, Torsades de Pointes, arrhythmias (including sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia), right or left bundle branch block and bifascicular block, unstable angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack or symptomatic pulmonary embolism; as well as bradycardia defined as \<50 bpms
* QTc interval at screening \>450 msec using the Fredericia correction (QTcF).
* Patients known to be refractory to platelet or packed red cell transfusions as per institutional guidelines, or who are known to refuse or who are likely to refuse blood product support.
* Severe neurologic or psychiatric disorder interfering with ability of giving informed consent
* Known or suspected active alcohol or drug abuse
* No consent for registration, storage and processing of the individual disease-characteristics and course as well as informing the family physician about study participation.
* Pregnancy and lactation
* History of hypersensitivity to the investigational medicinal product or to any drug with similar chemical structure or to any excipient present in the pharmaceutical form of the investigational medicinal product
* Prior treatment with quizartinib