Pamiparib and Temozolomide for the Treatment of Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject has voluntarily agreed to participate by signing an informed consent
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of =\< 1
* Ability to swallow whole capsules
* Histologically confirmed metastatic or unresectable renal cell carcinoma with morphologic features consistent with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). This can include tumors with overlapping morphology previously called papillary, tubulocystic, tubulopapillary, collecting duct, or unclassified as long as in the HLRCC- spectrum
* The presence of a documented germline fumarate hydratase (FH) alteration (mutation or deletion). This includes pathogenic or likely pathogenic alterations but may also include variants of unknown significance (VUS) in patients with strong personal or family history where the clinician makes a presumed clinical diagnosis
* Progression on 1 or more lines of systemic therapies for metastatic disease. Neo/adjuvant therapy in the absence of documented distant disease does not count as a line of therapy
* No known intolerance of study drugs or excipients, and able to comply with study requirements
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500 /microliter (mcL) (\< 2 weeks prior to day 1)
* Platelets \>= 100,000 / mcL (\< 2 weeks prior to day 1)
* Hemoglobin \>= 10 g/dL or \>= 6.2 mmol/L without transfusion or erythropoietin (EPO) dependency (within 2 weeks of first dose)
* Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR measured or calculated creatinine (glomerular filtration rate \[GFR\] can also be used in place of creatinine or creatinine clearance \[CrCl\]) \>= 40 mL/min for participants with creatinine levels \> 1.5 x institutional ULN (\< 2 weeks prior to day 1)

  * Creatinine clearance should be calculated using the standard Cockcroft and Gault equation
* Total serum bilirubin =\< 1.5 x ULN (total bilirubin must be \< 4 x ULN for subject with Gilbert's syndrome) (\< 2 weeks prior to day 1)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 3 x ULN OR =\< 5 x ULN for participants with liver metastases (\< 2 weeks prior to day 1)
* International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) =\<1.5 x ULN unless participant is receiving anticoagulant therapy, and then only as long as PT or PTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants (\< 2 weeks prior to day 1)
* Female patients of childbearing potential and female partners of male study patients must agree to practice highly effective methods of birth control for the duration of the study and for \>= 6 months after the last dose of study drug. In addition, non-sterile male patients must agree to practice highly effective methods of birth control and avoid sperm donation for the duration of the study and for \>= 6 months after the last dose of study drug
* From the time of the first study-drug treatment through 180 days after the last study drug treatment, male participants must use a condom when 1) having sex with a pregnant woman AND 2) having sex with a woman of childbearing potential
* Male and female participants must agree not to donate sperm or eggs, respectively, from the first study-drug treatment through 180 days after the last study drug treatment
* Female participants must agree to not breastfeed during the study or for 180 days after the last dose of study treatment
* If available, agreement to provide archival tumor tissue for exploratory biomarker analyses
* Willingness to undergo a fresh tumor biopsy if deemed safe and feasible by the investigator

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known hypersensitivity to any temozolomide (TMZ) component
* Prior treatment with a PARP inhibitor
* Received chemotherapy, biologic therapy, immunotherapy, or investigational agent within 3 weeks (or =\< 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter) prior to cycle 1/day 1
* Have any unresolved acute effects of any prior therapy of grade 2 or higher, except for AEs not constituting a safety risk by investigator judgment
* Had a major surgical procedure (per investigator discretion) =\< 4 weeks prior to cycle 1/day 1, or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure during the course of the study
* Have other diagnosis of malignancy

  * Except for surgically excised non-melanoma skin cancer, adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, localized prostate cancer treated with curative intent, adequately treated low-stage bladder cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ treated surgically with curative intent, or a malignancy diagnosed \> 2 years ago, with no current evidence of disease and no therapy =\< 2 years prior to day 1
* Subject who has received local radiotherapy of non-target lesions for local symptom control within the last 4 weeks must have recovered from any adverse effects of radiotherapy before recording baseline symptoms
* Have untreated leptomeningeal or brain metastasis. Subject with previously treated brain metastases is eligible if the metastases have shown no progression on brain computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over at least 4 weeks, the subject has no symptoms due to the brain metastases, and the subject has been off corticosteroids for \>= 2 weeks
* Have active infection requiring systemic treatment
* Have known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
* No known chronic active liver disease or evidence of acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Patients with prior curative treatment of hepatitis C virus are allowed if treated \> 2 weeks prior to treatment previously and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) undetectable by established laboratory values
* Have any of the following cardiovascular criteria:

  * Current evidence of cardiac ischemia
  * Current symptomatic pulmonary embolism
  * Acute myocardial infarction =\< 6 months prior to cycle 1/ day 1
  * Heart failure of New York Heart Association classification III or IV =\< 6 months prior to cycle 1/ day 1
  * Grade \>= 2 ventricular arrhythmia =\< 6 months prior to cycle 1/ day 1
  * Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) =\< 6 months prior to cycle 1/ day 1
* Have an active inflammatory gastrointestinal disease, chronic diarrhea, known diverticular disease or had previous complete gastric resection or lap band surgery

  * Gastroesophageal reflux disease under treatment with proton pump inhibitors is allowed (assuming no drug interaction potential)
* Use or have anticipated need for food or drugs known to be strong or moderate cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A inhibitors or strong CYP3A inducers =\< 10 days (or =\< 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter) prior to day 1
* Are pregnant or nursing (females of childbearing potential require a negative serum pregnancy test =\< 7 days before day 1)
* Requirement for intravenous (IV) alimentation (at the time of randomization)
* Known history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
* Participants must not have received colony stimulating factors (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, or recombinant erythropoietin) within 4 weeks prior initiating protocol therapy