Biomarkers of CASH

Aim 1 and 2:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Clinical diagnosis of CA
2. age 18 or older
3. solitary or multiple
4. familial or sporadic
5. with or without prior symptoms

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior excision of a solitary CA lesion
2. prior stereotactic radiosurgery or any brain irradiation
3. spinal cavernoma without brain lesion
4. other brain pathology unrelated to CA (demyelinating disease, brain tumor)
5. seizures or stroke unrelated to CA in the prior year
6. current pregnancy or within 6 months postpartum
7. reluctance to undergo venipuncture or donate blood specimen, or be called for clinical follow-up for up to one year
8. homeless or incarcerated persons, or other reason a subject will be unable/unlikely to be reached for follow-up

Aim 3:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. \< 30 years of age
2. one or more seizures (with or without medical therapy) in the prior year

OR

1. \> 50 years of age
2. having received an MRI of the brain with SWI (susceptibility weighted imaging) sequences for any indication in the year prior to enrollment
3. No HMA on brain MRI SWI sequences

OR

1. \> 50 years of age
2. having received an MRI of the brain with SWI sequences for any indication in the year prior to enrollment
3. Two or more microbleeds on SWI brain MRI sequences, adjudicated by neuroradiologist

Exclusion Criteria:

1. concurrent brain disease or structural brain pathology
2. medical illness requiring hospitalization or surgery, seizure or stroke in the prior 12 months
3. active use of prescription medications in the prior 12 months
4. current pregnancy or within 6 months postpartum
5. reluctance to undergo venipuncture or donate blood specimen

OR

1. concurrent brain disease or structural brain pathology
2. medical illness requiring hospitalization or surgery, or stroke in the prior 12 months other than seizure disorder
3. active use of prescription medications in the prior 12 months except anticonvulsants
4. current pregnancy or within 6 months postpartum
5. reluctance to undergo venipuncture or donate blood specimen

OR

1. concurrent brain disease or structural brain pathology
2. medical illness requiring hospitalization or surgery within the prior year
3. any history of stroke or epileptic seizure within the prior year
4. current pregnancy or within 6 months postpartum
5. reluctance to undergo venipuncture or donate blood specimen

OR

1. concurrent brain disease or structural brain pathology
2. medical illness requiring hospitalization or surgery within the prior year
3. any history of stroke or epileptic seizure within the prior year
4. current pregnancy or within 6 months postpartum
5. reluctance to undergo venipuncture or donate blood specimen