National Cancer Institute "Cancer Moonshot Biobank"

Inclusion Criteria:

* Is consistent with OR has been diagnosed with one of the following:

  * Colorectal cancer: stage IV
  * Non-small cell or small cell lung cancer: stage III/IV
  * Prostate cancer: metastatic prostate cancer
  * Gastric cancer, not otherwise specified (NOS): stage IV
  * Esophageal cancer, NOS: stage IV
  * Adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction: stage IV
  * High grade serous ovarian cancer: stage III/IV
  * Invasive breast carcinoma: stage III/IV
  * Melanoma: stage III/IV
  * Acute myeloid leukemia
  * Multiple myeloma

    * For the purposes of this study,

      * Re-staging is allowed
      * Having more than one primary cancer is allowed, if the patient is being treated solely for one of the eligible cancers listed above
* Patient should fit in one of the following four clinical scenarios (a-d)

  * Undergoing diagnostic workup for one of the diseases listed for which treatment will likely include a new regimen of standard of care therapy OR
  * Scheduled to begin treatment with a new regimen of standard of care therapy OR
  * Currently progressing on a regimen of standard of care therapy OR
  * Currently being treated with a regimen standard of care therapy, without evidence of progression
* Requirements for fresh tissue biospecimen collections at enrollment:

  * For clinical scenarios a, b, and c above, freshly collected tumor tissue or bone marrow (BM) aspirate must be submitted at enrollment

    * For clinical scenarios a and b, the fresh tissue collection must be prior to starting therapy
    * For clinical scenario a, the biospecimen collection must be part of a standard of care medical procedure
    * For clinical scenarios b or c, the biospecimen collection may be part of a standard of care medical procedure OR
    * The biospecimen collection may be part of a study-specific procedure ("research only biopsy"), when the patient has a tumor amenable to image guided or direct vision biopsy and is willing and able to undergo a tumor biopsy for molecular profiling

      * Note: For research-only biopsies, the biopsy must not be associated with a significant risk of severe or major complications or death; the procedure cannot be a mediastinal, laparoscopic, open or endoscopic biopsy; nor can the procedure be a brain biopsy; nor can the patient be under the age of majority as determined by each U.S. state
* Requirements for archival tissue:

  * For clinical scenarios a and b above, archival tissue as outlined below must be submitted IF AVAILABLE
  * For clinical scenarios c and d above, archival tissue as outlined below is REQUIRED
  * Pre-existing archival material (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded \[FFPE\] block, BM aspirate, or unstained slides) that:

    * Contains the cancer type for which the participant is enrolled, and
    * Was collected no more than 5 years prior to initiation of therapy, and
    * Contains at least a surface area of 5 mm\^2 and optimal surface area of 25 mm\^2 or 3-5 mL cryopreserved bone marrow aspirate to yield 200 million bone marrow mononuclear cells, and
    * Contains at least 10% tumor content. 70% tumor content is optimal, and
    * No more than 1 line of standard of care systemic therapy was administered from the date of archival material collection to the date of initiation of therapy
* Requirements for blood collection: ALL scenarios require fresh blood collection at enrollment

  * Blood collection for clinical scenarios a, b, and c must take place within 1 week of fresh tumor specimen collection
  * Blood collection for clinical scenario d must take place within 4 weeks of enrollment, and while patient is on treatment
* Age 13 or older
* Any sex
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0, 1, or 2
* Ability to understand and willingness to sign an informed consent document. Consent may be provided by a Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) in accordance with 45 CFR 46.102(i)
* NCI PDMR INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with CRC with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status
* NCI PDMR INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with CRC who are 40 years old or younger at time of collection irrespective of mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status
* NCI PDMR INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with BRCA that are either

  * Any race/ethnicity with hormone receptor positive (ER+PR+, ER+PR-, or ER-PR+)
  * African American with triple negative (ER-PR-HER2-)
* NCI PDMR INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with lung cancer (LCA), prostate cancer (PCA), gastroesophageal cancer (GEC), ovarian cancer (OV), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MML)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treated with or has already begun treatment with a non-standard of care therapeutic agent (investigational) in an interventional clinical trial

  * For the purposes of this study, past enrollment in clinical trials whereby the patient was randomized and treated with standard-of-care anti-cancer treatment (chemotherapy regimen, surgery and radiation therapy) is allowed
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness that in the physician's assessment would pose undue risk for biopsy
* Use of full dose coumarin-derivative anticoagulants such as warfarin are prohibited. Patients may be switched to low molecular weight (LMW) heparin at physician discretion

  * Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin is permitted for prophylactic or therapeutic use
  * Factor X inhibitors are permitted
  * Use of anti-platelet drugs are permitted

    * Stopping the anticoagulation treatment for biopsy, bone marrow aspirate, or resection should be per site standard operating procedure (SOP)
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with complete response
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with invasive fungal infections
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with active and/or uncontrolled infections or who are still recovering from an infection

  * Actively febrile patients with uncertain etiology of febrile episode
  * All antibiotics for non-prophylactic treatment of infection should be completed at least 1 week (7 days) prior to collection
  * No recurrence of fever or other symptoms related to infection for at least 1 week (7 days) following completion of antibiotics
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), active or chronic hepatitis (i.e. quantifiable hepatitis B virus \[HBV\]-deoxyribonucleic acid \[DNA\] and/or positive hepatitis B surface antigen \[HbsAg\], quantifiable hepatitis C virus \[HCV\]-ribonucleic acid \[RNA\]) or known history of HBV/HCV without documented resolution