Immunogenicity and Safety of a 9-valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in HIV-positive Women

In adult HIV-positive patients, data on the safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine have been reported with excellent results (13 14); also, the results of a clinical trial of qHPV vaccine conducted in seropositive patients older than 36 years (WLHIV and MSM) have been published. Even now, there is not a trial about immunogenicity and safety of a 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in HIV-positive women; for this reason, the investigators plan to conduct this clinical trial. HYPOTHESYS: The administration of Nonavalent HPV vaccine (HPV-9) in adult women living with HIV will produce antibodies against nine genotypes of HPV, thus preventing the acquisition of new infections by those genotypes. Besides, this will prevent the cervical and anal dysplasia in these women.

Sex

Female

Minimum age

18 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV-positive women patients of ≥18 years of age who, at the time of study inclusion were not infected simultaneously by the 16, 18 genotypes of HPV in vagina and/or anus.

Exclusion Criteria:

* WLHIV patients who had simultaneous anal infection with the 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 y 58 genotypes. - WLHIV diagnosed in V0 of ASCC or anal HSIL.
* Active opportunist infection at the time of recruitment into the study.
* Cd4 count \< 200 cel/µL.
* History of allergy to aluminium and/or yeast extract excipient.

• BACKGROUNDPalefsky JM. Human papillomavirus-associated anal and cervical cancers in HIV-infected individuals: incidence and prevention in the antiretroviral therapy era. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2017 Jan;12(1):26-30. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000336. PMID 27828801
• BACKGROUNDStier EA, Sebring MC, Mendez AE, Ba FS, Trimble DD, Chiao EY. Prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and anal HPV-related disorders in women: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Sep;213(3):278-309. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.034. Epub 2015 Mar 19. PMID 25797230
• BACKGROUNDJemal A, Simard EP, Dorell C, Noone AM, Markowitz LE, Kohler B, Eheman C, Saraiya M, Bandi P, Saslow D, Cronin KA, Watson M, Schiffman M, Henley SJ, Schymura MJ, Anderson RN, Yankey D, Edwards BK. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2009, featuring the burden and trends in human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated cancers and HPV vaccination coverage levels. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013 Feb 6;105(3):175-201. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs491. Epub 2013 Jan 7. PMID 23297039
• BACKGROUNDFirnhaber C, Westreich D, Schulze D, Williams S, Siminya M, Michelow P, Levin S, Faesen M, Smith JS. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical dysplasia in HIV-positive women in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012 Jun 7;15(2):17382. doi: 10.7448/IAS.15.2.17382. PMID 22713259
• BACKGROUNDPiketty C, Selinger-Leneman H, Grabar S, Duvivier C, Bonmarchand M, Abramowitz L, Costagliola D, Mary-Krause M; FHDH-ANRS CO 4. Marked increase in the incidence of invasive anal cancer among HIV-infected patients despite treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2008 Jun 19;22(10):1203-11. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283023f78. PMID 18525266
• BACKGROUNDFranceschi S, Lise M, Clifford GM, Rickenbach M, Levi F, Maspoli M, Bouchardy C, Dehler S, Jundt G, Ess S, Bordoni A, Konzelmann I, Frick H, Dal Maso L, Elzi L, Furrer H, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ledergerber B, Keiser O; Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Changing patterns of cancer incidence in the early- and late-HAART periods: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Br J Cancer. 2010 Jul 27;103(3):416-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605756. Epub 2010 Jun 29.