Study of VE800 and Nivolumab in Patients With Selected Types of Advanced or Metastatic Cancer

Partial Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with advanced or metastatic cancer who had received no more than 3 lines of prior systemic therapy for advanced/metastatic disease.
* Histologically diagnosed advanced (unresectable) or metastatic cancer with at least one measurable lesion as per RECIST 1.1
* Tumor lesions amenable for biopsy, if deemed safe by the investigator
* Toxicity from prior cancer therapy should have resolved to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Grade ≤ 1 (excluding alopecia and neuropathy, where up to Grade 2 residual was allowed)

Partial Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor (iCPI) (Note: this criterion did not apply to patients with melanoma)
* Receipt of any conventional or investigational systemic anti-cancer therapy within 21 days prior to the first dose of vancomycin
* Concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic, or hormonal anti-cancer therapy. Agents such as bisphosphonates or denosumab were acceptable as prophylaxis for bone metastasis.
* Patients must not have received a transfusion (platelets or red blood cells) within 4 weeks of the first dose of study treatment
* Patients with an active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment were permitted to enroll.
* Patients with known active hepatitis (e.g., hepatitis B or C) NOTE: Patients with previously treated hepatitis B or C were permitted to enroll if there was evidence of documented resolution of infection.
* Received a fecal transplant, spore or other preparation of fecal material, isolated bacterial products, genetically modified bacteria, or VE800