Endoscopic Versus Surgical Treatment for T1 Colorectal Cancer

The implementation of population screening programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to a considerable increase in the prevalence T1 CRC originating on polyps amenable by endoscopy. The benefits of secondary oncological surgery in terms of disease free survival are not well established. Hypothesis: The characteristics of the individuals and the polyp (endoscopic, histological) should allow us to discriminate T1 CRCs that may benefit from secondary surgery from those that only require local treatment. With the current criteria, the management of patients with T1 CRC is suboptimal since a high proportion of patients are refered for unnecessary surgeries without a clear benefit in terms of survival. Molecular signatures can help to discriminate those patients with good prognosis that do not require secondary surgery nor cancer related follow up.

Sex

All

Inclusion Criteria:

\- All patients diagnosed with pT1 CRC will be included, regardless of endoscopic features, treatment received and lymph node staging

Exclusion Criteria:

* CRC with other histology than adenocarcinoma
* Patients with hereditary syndromes of CRC (Lynch syndrome, classical familial adenomatous polyposis) or inflammatory bowel disease.
* Synchronous CRC
* Metachronous CRC in the previous 5 years
* Patients with metastatic neoplastic disease at the time of diagnosis

• BACKGROUNDLogan RF, Patnick J, Nickerson C, Coleman L, Rutter MD, von Wagner C; English Bowel Cancer Screening Evaluation Committee. Outcomes of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England after the first 1 million tests. Gut. 2012 Oct;61(10):1439-46. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300843. Epub 2011 Dec 7. PMID 22156981
• BACKGROUNDWilliams JG, Pullan RD, Hill J, Horgan PG, Salmo E, Buchanan GN, Rasheed S, McGee SG, Haboubi N; Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. Management of the malignant colorectal polyp: ACPGBI position statement. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Aug;15 Suppl 2:1-38. doi: 10.1111/codi.12262. No abstract available. PMID 23848492
• BACKGROUNDUeno H, Mochizuki H, Hashiguchi Y, Shimazaki H, Aida S, Hase K, Matsukuma S, Kanai T, Kurihara H, Ozawa K, Yoshimura K, Bekku S. Risk factors for an adverse outcome in early invasive colorectal carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004 Aug;127(2):385-94. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.04.022. PMID 15300569
• BACKGROUNDHashiguchi Y, Muro K, Saito Y, Ito Y, Ajioka Y, Hamaguchi T, Hasegawa K, Hotta K, Ishida H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara S, Kanemitsu Y, Kinugasa Y, Murofushi K, Nakajima TE, Oka S, Tanaka T, Taniguchi H, Tsuji A, Uehara K, Ueno H, Yamanaka T, Yamazaki K, Yoshida M, Yoshino T, Itabashi M, Sakamaki K, Sano K, Shimada Y, Tanaka S, Uetake H, Yamaguchi S, Yamaguchi N, Kobayashi H, Matsuda K, Kotake K, Sugihara K; Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2019 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2020 Jan;25(1):1-42. doi: 10.1007/s10147-019-01485-z. Epub 2019 Jun 15. PMID 31203527
• BACKGROUNDBenson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, Cederquist L, Chen YJ, Ciombor KK, Cohen S, Cooper HS, Deming D, Engstrom PF, Garrido-Laguna I, Grem JL, Grothey A, Hochster HS, Hoffe S, Hunt S, Kamel A, Kirilcuk N, Krishnamurthi S, Messersmith WA, Meyerhardt J, Miller ED, Mulcahy MF, Murphy JD, Nurkin S, Saltz L, Sharma S, Shibata D, Skibber JM, Sofocleous CT, Stoffel EM, Stotsky-Himelfarb E, Willett CG, Wuthrick E, Gregory KM, Freedman-Cass DA. NCCN Guidelines Insights: Colon Cancer, Version 2.2018. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018 Apr;16(4):359-369. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.0021.