Microbiome in Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Diseases, Lung Cancer and Hemoptysis

Microbiome in lower respiratory diseases is not sufficiently known yet. The objective of this study is to investigate microbiome in patients who present with hemoptysis, and those with pulmonary tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), and lung cancer, analyzing respiratory specimen acquired by bronchoscopic approach.

Sex

All

Minimum age

19 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for hemoptysis, OR
* Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious endobronchial pulmonary tuberculosis observed on chest computed tomography, OR
* Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) observed on chest computed tomography, OR
* Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious endobronchial lung cancer observed on chest computed tomography, OR
* Patients who underwent bronchoscopy to rule out endobronchial lesion which did not seem to be typical for any criteria of pulmonary diseases including tuberculosis, NTM-PD or lung cancer on chest computed tomography

Exclusion Criteria:

* Other malignancy, infection or serious diseases of neural, cardiovascular, renal, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, hemotologic or respiratory system
* Use of any antibiotic within a month
* Vulnerable volunteer
* Subject's rejection

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