Study of Pembrolizumab Plus SurVaxM for Glioblastoma at First Recurrence

Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically confirmed diagnosis of World Health Organization Grade IV glioma (glioblastoma or gliosarcoma)
* Previous first line treatment with at least radiotherapy with or without temozolomide
* Documented first recurrence of GBM by diagnostic biopsy or contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed within 21 days of randomization per RANO criteria.
* If first recurrence of GBM is documented by MRI, an interval of at least 12 weeks after the end of prior radiation therapy is required unless there is either:

  \-- Histopathologic confirmation of recurrent tumor, or

  \-- New enhancement on MRI outside of the radiotherapy treatment field
* Karnofsky performance status of 70 or higher or ECOG 0-2
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG) within 72 hours prior to the start of study drug.
* Previous treatment with anti PD1 will be allowed only in the exploratory arm
* The participant (or legally acceptable representative if applicable) provides written informed consent for the trial.
* Have provided archival tumor tissue sample or newly obtained core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion not previously irradiated. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks are preferred to slides. Newly obtained biopsies are preferred to archive tissue
* Screening/Baseline laboratory values must meet the following criteria (laboratory value):

  --Note: This table includes eligibility-defining laboratory value requirements for treatment; laboratory value requirements should be adapted according to local regulations and guidelines for the administration of specific chemotherapies.

  ---Hematological system:
  * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1500/uL
  * Platelets ≥100 000/µL
  * Hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL or ≥5.6 mmol/L (Criteria must be met without erythropoietin dependency and without packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion within last 2 weeks.)

    ---Renal system:
  * Creatinine OR Measured or calculated (Creatinine clearance (CrCl) should be calculated per institutional standard) creatinine clearance (GFR can also be used in place of creatinine or CrCl): ≤1.5 × ULN OR ≥30 mL/min for participant with creatinine levels \>1.5 × institutional ULN

    ---Hepatic system:
  * Total bilirubin ≤1.5 ×ULN OR direct bilirubin ≤ULN for participants with total bilirubin levels \>1.5 × ULN
  * AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) ≤2.5 × ULN (≤5 × ULN for participants with liver metastases)

    \--- Coagulation system:
  * International normalized ratio (INR) OR prothrombin time (PT) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): ≤1.5 × ULN unless participant is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or aPTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants
* Male participants:

  --A male participant must agree to use a contraception as detailed in Appendix 3 of this protocol during the treatment period and for at least 180 days after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating sperm during this period.
* Female participants:

  * A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant (see Appendix 3), not breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies:

    * Not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) as defined in Appendix 3 OR
    * A WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance in Appendix 3 during the treatment period and for at least 180 days after the last dose of study treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* A WOCBP who has a positive urine pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
* Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1 (except in the exploratory arm), anti-PD-L1, or anti PD L2 agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor (eg, CTLA-4, OX 40, CD137).
* Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agents within 4 weeks \[could consider shorter interval for kinase inhibitors or other short half-life drugs\] prior to (randomization /allocation).

  * Note: Participants must have recovered from all AEs due to previous therapies to ≤Grade 1 or baseline. Participants with ≤Grade 2 neuropathy may be eligible.
  * Note: If participant received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting study treatment.
* Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (eg, FluMist®) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed.
* Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment.

  --Note: Participants who have entered the follow-up phase of an investigational study may participate as long as it has been 4 weeks after the last dose of the previous investigational agent.
* Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 2 mg daily of dexamethasone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
* Patients that likely to have the potential risk of cerebral edema due to inflammation related to SurVaxM and pembrolizumab and will exclude patients with \> 1 cm midline shift on imaging. Patients ust not have cerebral edema requiring more than 2 mg of daily of dexamethasone equivalent.
* Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 3 years. Note: Participants with basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or carcinoma in situ (e.g. breast carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potentially curative therapy are not excluded.
* More than one recurrence of GBM
* Presence of extracranial metastatic or leptomeningeal disease
* Has severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients.
* Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (eg., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
* Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current pneumonitis.
* Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy .Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). No HIV testing is required
* Has a known history of Hepatitis B (defined as Hepatitis B surface antigen \[HBsAg\] reactive) or known active Hepatitis C virus (defined as HCV RNA \[qualitative\] is detected) infection. Note: no testing for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C is required unless mandated by local health authority.
* Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis).
* Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the study, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.
* Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial.
* Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.