Quizartinib and High-dose Ara-C Plus Mitoxantrone in Relapsed/Refractory AML With FLT3-ITD

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with acute myeloid leukemia according to the 2016 WHO classification (except acute promyelocytic leukemia) who are either A) refractory to induction therapy or B) relapsed after first line treatment including chemotherapy, autologous and/or allo-HCT (details below).
* Positive for FLT3-ITD (defined as a ratio of mutant to wild-type alleles of at least 0.05; measured within 2 weeks before inclusion)
* ECOG performance status ≤ 2. See appendix 18.1
* Adequate renal function defined as creatinine clearance \>50 mL/min (calculated using the standard method for the institution)
* Discontinuation of prior AML treatment for at least A) 10 days for cytotoxic agents and B) 28 days for investigational drug treatment before the start of study treatment (except hydroxyurea or other treatment to control hyperleukocytosis)
* Age ≥ 18 years, no upper age limit
* Pregnancy and childbearing potential:

A) Non-pregnant and non-nursing women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL within 72 hours prior to registration ("Women of childbearing potential" is defined as a sexually active mature woman who has not undergone a hysterectomy or who has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months).

B) Female patients of reproductive age must agree to avoid getting pregnant while on therapy.

C) WOCBP must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin one acceptable method of birth control (IUD, tubal ligation, or partner's vasectomy) during study and 6 months after end of study/treatment. Hormonal contraception is an inadequate method of birth control.

D) Men must use a latex condom during any sexual contact with women of childbearing potential, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy and must agree to avoid to father a child during study and 6 months after end of study/treatment

* Signed written informed consent
* Ability of patient to understand character and consequences of the clinical trial
* Refractory to induction therapy is defined as no CR, or CRi, or PR (according to standard criteria) \[1\] after 1 or 2 intensive induction cycles of at least 7 days of cytarabine 100-200mg/m² continuously or an equivalent regimen with cytarabine with total dose not less than 700mg/m² per cycle and 2 days of an anthracycline (e.g. daunorubicin, idarubicin).
* Relapsed after first line therapy is defined as relapsed AML (according to standard criteria) \[1\] after a first line therapy including at least one intensive induction and consolidation therapy including (but not limited to) allo-HCT.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML FAB M3 with t(15;17)(q22;q12) / PML-RARA)
* Patients with known CNS leukemia
* Isolated extramedullary manifestation of AML
* Patients with a "currently active" second malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancer. Patients are not considered to have a "currently active" malignancy if they have completed therapy for more than one year and are considered by their physician to be at less than 30% risk of relapse within one year
* Hyperleukocytosis (leukocytes \> 30,000/µl) at the time of study entry. 1)
* Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease, including any of the following:

  * History of heart failure NYHA class 3 or 4
  * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% by echocardiogram (ECHO)
  * History of uncontrolled angina pectoris or myocardial infarction within 12 months prior to screening
  * History of second (Mobitz II) or third degree heart block or any cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy (beta blockers or digoxin are permitted)
* Inadequate liver function: ALT and AST ≥ 2.5 x ULN), total bilirubin ≥ 1.5 x ULN; Alkaline phosphatase ≥ 2.5 x ULN. Known liver cirrhosis or history of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or history of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS)
* Known positivity for HIV, active HBV, HCV or hepatitis A infection (active hepatitis B defined by HBs Ag positivity, active hepatitis C defined by positive virus load)
* Uncontrolled active infection
* Evidence or history of severe non-leukemia associated bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy
* within 100 days after allo-HCTat the time of screening
* clinically relevant Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD) requiring initiation of treatment or treatment escalation within 21 days prior to screening
* Any one of the following ongoing or in the previous 6 months: myocardial infarction, congenital long QT syndrome, Torsades de pointes, arrhythmias (including sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia), right or left bundle branch block and bifascicular block, unstable angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack or symptomatic pulmonary embolism; as well as bradycardia defined as \<50 bpms
* QTc interval \>470 msec using the Fredericia correction (QTcF).
* Patients known to be refractory to platelet or packed red cell transfusions as per institutional guidelines, or who are known to refuse or who are likely to refuse blood product support.
* Severe neurologic or psychiatric disorder interfering with ability of giving informed consent
* Known or suspected active alcohol or drug abuse
* No consent for biobanking and for registration, storage and processing of the individual disease-characteristics and course as well as information of the family physician about study participation.
* Pregnancy and lactation
* History of hypersensitivity to the investigational medicinal product or to any drug with similar chemical structure or to any excipient present in the pharmaceutical form of the investigational medicinal product
* Prior treatment with quizartinib

  1. These patients should be treated with hydroxyurea and / or receive leukocytapheresis treatment according to routine practice and are only allowed to enter into the study when leukocyte counts of 30,000/µl or below are reached. If hydroxyurea is not sufficient to control hyperleukocytosis, i.v. application of 100mg cytarabine continuously over 24 hours may be discussed with the Principle Investigator or the Medical Coordinator.