Prediction of Malignant Transformation of Oral Leukoplakia Using a MAGE-A-based Immunoscore

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Early detection and prevention of OSCC is thought to have the highest potential to reduce morbidity and mortality. In prevention, the main focus is on precancerous lesions, especially oral leukoplakia (OLP), as up to 67% of OSCC arise on the basis of OLP. The determination of the transformation risk of OLP by histological determination of the degree of dysplasia is unreliable. A promising marker for the timely development of a OSCC is the detection of antigens of the MAGE-A gene family. The special feature of MAGE-A is that they can be detected in 93% of all OSCC and in approx. 85% of OLP that transform to OSCC. The detection of MAGE-A could also indicate changes in the immunological environment that occur prior to malignant OLP transformation and could be used for immunotherapies. Aim of this study is to investigate MAGE-A as a predictive marker for the malignant transformation of OLP in the setting of a prospective, multicenter study and to establish it as a diagnostic parameter in addition to classical histology. In addition, the association of MAGE-A expression with the occurrence of immunological changes in OLP will be investigated in order to evaluate the possibility of minimally invasive immunotherapy of OLP. The study is intended to include 500 biopsies of non-selected patients with OLP from university institutions and private practices. The follow-up should be at least 3 years, whereby it is examined whether an OSCC on the basis of the original OLP developed. After three years, an interim evaluation of the results with statistical evaluation will be carried out. In order to ensure that the course of the disease is monitored for at least three years for all OLPs, an extension of the monitoring period to 5 years is planned. The study could establish a routine diagnostic parameter to supplement the histo-morphological diagnosis of OLP and evaluate the possibility of immunotherapy of OLP.

Sex

All

Minimum age

18 Years

Maximum age

80 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults, consenting male or female patients
* Age 18 - 80 years
* Diagnosis of one or more leukoplakia of the oral cavity

including

* leukoplakia associated wit lichen planus OR
* leukoplakia associated with diseases of the immune system or immunosuppression OR
* leukoplakia associated with a malignoma of other sites (except oral cavity) in the anamnesis
* Existing consent to participation in the study after clarification has been given

Exclusion Criteria:

* clinical evidence of invasive carcinoma of the oral cavity OR
* carcinoma of the oral cavity in the anamnesis OR
* patients unable to give informed consent OR
* rejection of the patient