The Effects of Replacing Red and Processed Meat With Quorn on Biomarkers of Gut Health

Inclusion Criteria:

* Male
* 18-50 years.
* Not been diagnosed with colorectal cancer, or adenomas.
* Habitual omnivorous dietary pattern.
* BMI ≥18-30 kg/m2.
* Blood HbA1c \<58mmol/mol (\<6.5%) (not diagnosed with diabetes)
* Fasting total cholesterol\<7.8 mmol/l
* Triglycerides \<2.3 mmol/l
* Normal liver function (assessed by measuring liver enzymes in the screening blood sample).
* Blood pressure lower than BP \<140/90 mmHg.
* Not suffering any cardiovascular diseases/ heart diseases e.g. stroke in the past 12 months.
* Do not suffer from chronic gastrointestinal problems (e.g. Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, coeliac disease)
* Do not take supplements or medication that effects gastrointestinal health
* Not participated in a pre-/probiotic or laxative trial within the previous 3 months.
* Not been prescribed and/or taken antibiotics in the previous 6 months.
* No history of alcohol misuse based on self-reported alcohol intake and measurement of liver enzymes in the screening blood sample.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Been diagnosed with colorectal cancer and/or colorectal adenomas.
* Been diagnosed with gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. Inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease)
* Adherence to a dietary pattern which excludes foods from an animal origin.
* Abnormal blood biochemistry based on standard clinical cut- offs, as well as blood markers not fitting the inclusion criteria set.
* Have history of food intolerances/allergies (e.g. gluten or dairy) or intolerances (e.g. lactose).
* Taking, or unwilling to stop taking anti-oxidant supplements (e.g. vitamin C, vitamin E, Multivitamin tablets, polyphenol supplements)
* Received antibiotics in the previous 6 months.
* Have participated in similar dietary or prebiotic/probiotics study in the previous 3 months.
* Current smoker.