Combination of Talimogene Laherparepvec With Atezolizumab in Early Breast Cancer

Patient inclusion criteria

1. Written informed consent for all study procedures according to local regulatory requirements prior to beginning specific protocol procedures.
2. Female patients age ≥18 years at the time of informed consent.
3. Histologically confirmed diagnosis of non-metastatic primary invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast, with all of the following characteristics:

   * TNBC or luminal B-like/HER2-negative breast cancer.
   * At least 1 lesion that can be accurately and serially measured in at least 1 dimension and for which the longest diameter is ≥ 10 mm as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
   * Breast cancer eligible for primary surgery
   * In the case of a multifocal/multicentric tumor, the largest lesion must be ≥ 15 mm and designated the "target" lesion for all subsequent tumor evaluations.
4. ER, PgR and HER2 tumor determination by ASCO/CAP guidelines locally assessed:

   * TNBC defined as: ER and PR negative defined as IHC nuclear staining \<1% AND HER2 negative.
   * Luminal B-like/HER2 negative defined as:

     * ER or PR positive defined as IHC nuclear staining ≥1% AND HER2 negative AND local Ki-67 ≥20% or
5. Patient must have injectable and biopsiable disease (direct injection or ultrasound guided).
6. Completed ≥ 80% total dose of an anthracycline/taxane-based neoadjuvant regimen recommended by the NCCN guidelines. The addition of carboplatin to a taxane is allowed.
7. ECOG Performance Status of 0 or 1.
8. Adequate organ function determined within 14 days prior to enrollment, defined as follows:

   * Hematological

     * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L
     * Platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L
     * Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL (red blood cell transfusion and/or erythropoietin allowed)
   * Renal

     o Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), or 24-hour creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min for subject with creatinine levels \> 1.5 x ULN. (Note: Creatinine clearance does not need to be determined if the baseline serum creatinine is within normal limits. Creatinine clearance should be calculated per institutional standard).
   * Hepatic

     * serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN OR direct bilirubin ≤ ULN for a subject with total bilirubin level \> 1.5 x ULN
     * aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 x ULN alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN
     * Coagulation International normalization ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN
9. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated PTT (aPTT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN
10. Absence of any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical situation potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule; those situations should be discussed with the patient before registration in the trial.
11. Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to enrollment. If urine pregnancy test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
12. Resolution of all acute toxic effects of prior anti-cancer therapy or surgical procedures to NCI CTCAE version 4.0 Grade ≤ 1 (except alopecia or other toxicities not considered a safety risk for the patient at investigator´s discretion).

Patient exclusion criteria

1. Inoperable locally advanced breast cancer after NAC.
2. Metastatic (Stage IV) breast cancer.
3. Bilateral invasive breast cancer.
4. Prior therapy with an anti- PD-1, anti- PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-CD137 antibody, or anti-CTLA- 4 antibody compound, T-VEC or any other oncolytic immunotherapy.
5. Prior therapy with tumor vaccine.
6. Currently receiving treatment in another investigational device or study drug, or less than 28 days since ending treatment on another investigational device or study drug.
7. History or evidence of symptomatic autoimmune pneumonitis, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, or other symptomatic autoimmune disease, or active autoimmune disease or syndrome that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (ie, with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). with the following exceptions:

   * Patients with a history of autoimmune-related hypothyroidism who are on thyroid replacement hormone are eligible for the study.
   * Patients with controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus who are on an insulin regimen are eligible for the study.
   * Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, or vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis are excluded) are eligible for the study provided all of following conditions are met:

   Rash must cover 10% of body surface. Disease is well controlled at baseline and requires only low-potency topical corticosteroids.

   No occurrence of acute exacerbations of the underlying condition requiring psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation, methotrexate, retinoids, biologic agents, oral calcineurin inhibitors, or high potency or oral corticosteroids within the previous 12 months.
8. Active herpetic skin lesions or prior complications of herpetic infection (e.g. herpetic keratitis or encephalitis) and must not require intermittent or chronic treatment with an antiherpetic drug (e.g. acyclovir), other than intermittent topical use.
9. Received live vaccine within 28 days prior to enrollment or within 5 months after the last dose of atezolizumab.
10. Evidence of clinically significant immunosuppression such as the following:

    * diagnosis of immunodeficiency
    * concurrent opportunistic infection
    * receiving systemic immunosuppressive therapy (\> 2 weeks) or within 7 days prior to the first dose of study treatment, including oral steroid doses \> 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent. Subjects that require intermittent use of bronchodilators or local steroid injection will not be excluded from the study.
11. Cardiopulmonary dysfunction as defined by:

    * Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic \>150 mm Hg and/or diastolic \> 100 mm Hg) despite optimal medical management.
    * Inadequately controlled angina or serious cardiac arrhythmia not controlled by adequate medication.
    * History of symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF): Grade ≥ 3 per NCI CTCAE version 4.0 or Class ≥ II New York Health Association (NYHA criteria).
    * Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment.
    * Current dyspnea at rest due to complications of advanced malignancy, or other disease requiring continuous oxygen therapy
12. Current severe, uncontrolled systemic disease (e.g. clinically significant cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic disease; wound healing disorders; ulcers; bone fractures).
13. Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites requiring recurrent drainage procedures (once monthly or more frequently). Patients with indwelling catheters (e.g., PleurX) are allowed.
14. Uncontrolled or symptomatic hypercalcemia (ionized calcium 1.5 mmol/L, calcium 12 mg/dL or corrected serum calcium ULN)
15. History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan. History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted.
16. Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within approximately 28 days prior to enrollment or anticipation of the need for major surgery during the course of study treatment.
17. Concurrent, serious, uncontrolled infections or current known infection with HIV or active hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C.
18. Treatment with therapeutic oral or IV antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment with exception of prophylactic antibiotics
19. Has a known history of active Bacillus tuberculosis
20. Female subject is pregnant or breast-feeding, or planning to become pregnant during study treatment and through 3 months after the last dose of talimogene laherparepvec or 5 months after the last dose of atezolizumab, whichever is later
21. Female subject of childbearing potential who is unwilling to use acceptable method(s) of effective contraception during study treatment and through 3 months after the last dose of talimogene laherparepvec or 5 months after the last dose of atezolizumab, whichever is later. Note: Women not of childbearing potential are defined as:

    * postmenopausal (defined as at least 12 months with no menses without an alternative medical cause; in women \< 45 years of age a high follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the postmenopausal range may be used to confirm a post-menopausal state in women not using hormonal contraception or hormonal replacement therapy. In the absence of 12 months of amenorrhea, a single FSH measurement is insufficient.) OR
    * have had a hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy or bilateral tubal ligation/occlusion, at least 6 weeks prior to screening; OR
    * has a congenital or acquired condition that prevents childbearing.

    Note: Acceptable methods of effective contraception are defined in the informed consent form and Appendix A.
22. Subject has known sensitivity to any of the products or components to be administered during dosing
23. Assessment by the investigator to be unable or unwilling to comply with the requirements of the protocol.
24. History of other malignancy within 5 years prior to screening, except for appropriately treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, non-melanoma skin carcinoma, or Stage I uterine cancer.
25. History of significant co-morbidities that, in the judgment of the investigator, may interfere with the conduction of the study, the evaluation of response, or with informed consent.