Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Submucosal Tunnel Dissection for Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria:

* ≥18 years;
* Biopsy confirmed early esophageal cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN)which were eligible for conventional ESD indications;
* Suspected localized mucosal lesions detected by endoscopy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Malignancy or other advanced disease with a life expectancy of \< 6 months as judged by the investigator.
* The ASA classification of physical status ≥ 4 as judged by the investigator.
* Severe hepatic disease or renal disease
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
* Major cardiovascular event at enrollment or within 3 months prior to enrollment such as stroke, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for treatment of unstable angina pectoris as judged by the investigator.
* Haemorrhagic disorder.
* Patients who had a history of esophagectomy or a recurrent lesion.
* Planned treatment with: warfarin (including other vitamin K antagonists), cisapride,phenytoin, atazanavir, nelfinavir, digoxin, methotrexate, clopidogrel, tacrolimus,theophylline, lidocaine, nifedipine.
* Pregnancy, planned pregnancy or lactation. Women of childbearing potential must use reliable and medically accepted methods of birth control, as judged by the investigator.
* Known or suspected alcohol, drug or medication abuse.
* Any condition associated with poor compliance as judged by the investigator.
* Participation in any study involving administration of an investigational product or device within the preceding 14 days prior to enrollment.
* Involvement in the planning and conduct of the study. Previous enrollment in the present study