Probiotics and Breast Health

Breast cancer remains a major killer of women and despite major advances in care, the role of 'environmental factors' in the disease remain to be well understood. The investigators have shown that one such factor is the bacteria that inhabit the breast tissue. These bacteria do not cause infections per se, but can produce low amounts of substances known to be able to induce cancer. The investigators have found that the bacteria in the breasts of women with cancer are very different from those found in the breast tissue of healthy women. The investigators would like to test their theory that taking probiotic lactobacilli by mouth can lead to these organisms reaching the breast tissue and help to displace the harmful bacteria and reduce inflammation which has close links to cancer.

Sex

Female

Inclusion Criteria:

* Women at high risk of developing breast cancer who have never had breast cancer (≥ 25% lifetime risk and/or BRCA1 or BRCA2 positive) will be included in the high risk group, while female family members of cancer patients or friends of patients, as well as patients to the breast clinic who are seen for other reasons not related to cancer will be offered participation in the control group.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Exclusion criteria include: immunosuppression (ongoing high dose steroids, immunosuppressive condition such as HIV), personal history of breast cancer, patients declining needle aspiration biopsy or probiotic/placebo treatment, ongoing daily oral probiotic treatment at time of diagnosis. Patients on chronic or recent (within 2 weeks) antibiotic therapy will also be excluded.

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