Emotion Regulation and Pain in Children With Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

* Children between the ages of 6-18 years who were currently undergoing outpatient treatment for cancer and who could speak, read, and write in English or Spanish were eligible for the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment, such as a developmental delay or mental retardation that would prevent children from participating in the experimental pain task.
* Children whose medical status require inpatient hospitalization or otherwise signify health complications that would prevent participation will not be recruited. Accordingly, all potential participants will be obtained via consultation with the Attending Oncology physician and/or nursing team.
* Following safety guidelines, participants will be excluded if they have a cut or sore on their non-dominant hand, have high blood pressure, or have a history of upper extremity vascular disease, cardiovascular disorder, fainting, seizures, frostbite, or chronic pain (pain lasting for more than 4 months).
* Because cortisol measures will be taken, participants will be asked to refrain from eating 1 hour before the experiment, as this can affect cortisol sample readings. In addition, because oral contraceptives can impact cortisol, participants taking hormone medications will be excluded from participation.