Neoepitope-based Personalized Vaccine Approach in Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Brain Tumors

It is anticipated that most potential participants will be consented following standard of care surgical procedure (biopsy, resection). Consenting and eligible patients will have sequencing data accessed to evaluate for candidate neoantigens (sequencing may take place under the auspices of this project, as part of the participant's standard of care, or under a tumor bank or other research project). Shortly before the vaccine is ready for administration, participants will be re-screened using the criteria below to confirm eligibility.

Inclusion Criteria:

* Any patient, regardless of current age, who was diagnosed between the ages of 0-21 years with a pediatric brain tumor of any histologic subtype, who has now developed recurrent or refractory disease.
* Availability of tissue for sequencing to determine presence of targetable neoantigen. This may be fresh tissue collected as part of routine care, another research project or archived tissue from a previous craniotomy with biopsy, subtotal resection, total gross resection, or re-resection.
* Karnofsky/Lansky performance status ≥ 60%
* Normal bone marrow and organ function as defined below:

  * Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mcL
  * Platelets ≥ 100,000/mcL
  * Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (IULN)
  * AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) ≤ 3.0 x IULN
  * Creatinine ≤ IULN OR creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal
* Systemic corticosteroid therapy is permitted provided dosing is minimal based on age 0.1mg/kg/day with a max of 4mg daily (dexamethasone or equivalent) on the day of vaccine administration.
* Bevacizumab will be allowed if given for symptomatic control of vasogenic edema and to avoid high dose of corticosteroids at the discretion of the treating physician.
* Women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control, abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she must inform her treating physician immediately.
* Ability to understand and willingness to sign an IRB approved written informed consent document (or that of legally authorized representative, if applicable).

Exclusion Criteria:

* As this is a safety and feasibility study, prior immunotherapy will be permitted. However, any prior immunotherapy must be discontinued at least 2 weeks before peptide vaccine administration. Non-immunologic therapy may be continued.
* No candidate neoantigen identified during screening.
* A history of other malignancy ≤ 3 years previous with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer, any in situ cancer that has been successfully resected and cured, treated superficial bladder cancer, or any early-stage solid tumor that was successfully resected without need for adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy.
* Currently receiving any other investigational agents.
* Known allergy, or history of serious adverse reaction to, vaccines such as anaphylaxis, hives, or respiratory difficulty.
* A history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to poly-ICLC or other agents used in the study.
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
* History of pre-existing immunodeficiency disorder, autoimmune condition requiring immunosuppressive therapy, or chronic infection (i.e. hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV). This includes inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, systemic vasculitis, scleroderma, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, hemolytic anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, or other rheumatologic disease or any other medical condition or use of medication which might make it difficult for the patient to complete the full course of treatments or to generate an immune response to vaccines.
* Presence of clinically significant increased intracranial pressure (e.g. impending herniation) or hemorrhage, uncontrolled seizures, or requirement for immediate palliative treatment.
* Pregnant and/or breastfeeding. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days of first dose of vaccine.