Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, Cisplatin, and AGS-003-BLD in Treating Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Undergoing Surgery

Inclusion Criteria:

* PRE-REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA: Diagnosis or clinical signs of urothelial carcinoma with clinical stage T2 or greater disease without lymph node involvement where neoadjuvant chemotherapy of cisplatin and gemcitabine are indicated
* PRE-REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA: Scheduled for a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
* PRE-REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA: Be a candidate for radical cystectomy
* PRE-REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA: Signed and dated informed consent document for study participation
* PRE-REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA: Willing to submit tissue for required correlative research
* REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA
* TURBT successfully completed
* Verification received from Argos Therapeutics that ribonucleic acid (RNA) successfully collected from TURBT procedure
* Be a candidate for radical cystectomy
* Diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma with stage T2 or greater disease without lymph node involvement where neoadjuvant chemotherapy of cisplatin and gemcitabine are indicated
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1500/uL
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/uL
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional upper normal limit (UNL) or =\< 3 x institutional UNL if known Gilbert's syndrome
* Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 2.5 x UNL
* Alkaline phosphatase =\< 5 x UNL
* Hemoglobin \>= 9.0 g/dL
* International normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =\< 3.0 x UNL; NOTE: anticoagulation is allowed if target INR =\< 3.0 x UNL on a stable dose of warfarin or on a stable dose of low molecular weight heparin for \> 2 weeks at time of registration
* Calculated creatinine clearance must be \>= 50 ml/min using the applicable Cockcroft-Gault formula
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0 or 1
* Ability to provide written informed consent
* Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plans, laboratory tests, and other study procedures
* Willing to provide tissue and blood samples for correlative research purposes
* Negative serum pregnancy test for female subjects with reproductive potential =\< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only
* Able to abstain from taking prohibited drugs, either prescription or non-prescription, during the treatment phase of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* RE-REGISTRATION EXCLUSION CRITERIA
* Requirement for systemic chronic immunosuppressive drugs or systemic chronic corticosteroids for active autoimmune disorder(s) or other conditions (e.g.: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, multiple sclerosis, organ transplant recipient, etc.)
* Known inability to undergo neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin combination treatment due to pre-existing medical conditions in the opinion of the treating physician or investigator
* Immunotherapy =\< 28 days prior to pre-registration (e.g. intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin \[BCG\])
* Any of the following prior therapies:

  * Systemic chemotherapy for bladder cancer at any time; NOTE: intravesical chemotherapy is allowed
  * Systemic chemotherapy for other malignancies =\< 3 years prior to pre-registration
* REGISTRATION EXCLUSION CRITERIA
* Lymph node positive urothelial carcinoma
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements in the opinion of the investigator
* Treatment with oral/systemic corticosteroids =\< 14 days prior to registration, with the exception of topical or inhaled steroids or steroids given for the purpose of antiemetics during chemotherapy
* New York Heart Association classification III or IV congestive heart failure
* Central nervous system (CNS) metastases or seizure disorder
* Any of the following:

  * Pregnant women
  * Nursing women
  * Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception
* Other concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or any ancillary therapy considered investigational (utilized for a non-Food and Drug Administration \[FDA\]-approved indication and in the context of a research investigation) with the exception of intravesical therapy at the time of TURBT
* Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens
* Clinically significant infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and active hepatitis B or C
* Receiving any other investigational agent which would be considered as a treatment for the primary neoplasm
* Prior history of malignancy =\< 3 years prior to registration, except for adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, adequately treated early stage breast cancer, adequately treated cervical cancer and non-metastatic prostate cancer under clinical control as deemed by treating physician or investigator
* History of myocardial infarction =\< 6 months prior to registration, or congestive heart failure requiring use of ongoing maintenance therapy for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
* History of major surgery or traumatic injury =\< 28 days prior to registration or other major anticipated procedures requiring general anesthesia during study participation