No-touch RFA Versus Traditional RFA for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma, according to the postoperative pathological examination as the standard, or the diagnostic criteria with reference to the 2012 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases if the pathological evidence is not available;
2. A single tumor with a diameter ≤3cm;
3. The tumor that has not invaded the portal vein, the hepatic vein, or the secondary branch;
4. Liver function classified as Child A or B;
5. Liver reserve function test with ICG-R15 (indocyanine green retention at 15min) ≤30%, and the important organs that can function with the tolerance of RFA or partial hepatectomy;
6. No significant coagulopathy: platelet count \> 50,000,000,000 /L, prolonged prothrombin time \< 5 seconds;
7. Age 18 - 70 years old;
8. No acceptance of other anti-cancer therapy before the treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Complication of severe portal hypertension: a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, a history of severe hypersplenism, or refractory ascites;
2. Patients with extrahepatic metastasis or lymph node metastasis;
3. Patients with multiple liver tumors found from imaging exam or during the treatment;
4. Patients with pathological examinations showing the other tissue type of liver cancer after the treatment;
5. Patients who expect to receive a liver transplant;
6. Patients whose preoperative imaging exam indicates the tumor close to the gallbladder, hilar major blood vessels, bile ducts and surrounding vital organs, with a potential of serious injury by mistake or serious complications during the treatment.