Clinical trial · Interventional
Daratumumab in Combination With ATRA
A Phase 1 and Phase 2 Study of Daratumumab in Combination With All-trans Retinoic Acid in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Retrieved
- Sep 8, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Run
- ING-CLINICALTRIALS-20260908-000001
Summary
Brief summary (as posted)
Multiple myeloma (MM) patients who develop bortezomib and lenalidomide-resistant disease have a very poor survival of only a median of 9 months, indicating that new agents are urgently needed. Recent studies have shown that daratumumab as a single agent is effective and well tolerated in these heavily pretreated MM patients. However, approximately 60% of patients do not achieve a partial response, and ultimately all patients will develop progressive disease during daratumumab therapy. The investigators have demonstrated that levels of the target antigen CD38, and expression levels of the complement inhibitory proteins CD55 and CD59 determine the susceptibility of the MM cells towards daratumumab. In addition, MM cells have lower CD38 expression levels and higher levels of CD55/CD59 at the time of progression. Importantly, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) upregulates CD38 levels and downregulates CD55/CD59 levels on MM cells, both in daratumumab naïve cells and in cells that are resistant to daratumumab because of previous exposure to this drug. These alterations in expression explain the strong synergy between ATRA and daratumumab, both in MM cells derived from daratumumab naïve patients and from patients with daratumumab-refractory disease. These data form the preclinical rationale for clinical evaluation of ATRA and daratumumab in MM patients.
Conditions
Conditions (1)
Free-text conditions as registered, with the CancerIndex entity they were reconciled to and the match type.
| Condition (as posted) | Mapped entity | Match | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Myeloma | Multiple Myeloma | CURATED_EXACT | 0.92 |
Interventions
Interventions (1)
| Intervention | Type | Mapped drug | Match |
|---|---|---|---|
| all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) | Drug | Tretinoin | ALIAS |
Design
Arms and outcomes
Arms (1)
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- label
- daratumumab--> daratumumab + ATRA
- description
- In part A of the study patients will be treated with daratumumab as a single agent. In case patients have progressive disease after cycle 1, or in case patients achieve less than minimal response after cycle 2, or patients achieve less than PR after cycle 3, or in case patients experience progression during daratumumab therapy after having obtained a response, then ATRA will be added to daratumumab (part B).
- interventionNames
- Drug: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
Primary outcomes (3)
- measure
- MTD
- timeFrame
- phase 1, during the first treatment cycle (28 days)
- description
- To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of daratumumab combined with ATRA. MTD is defined during the first treatment cycle (4 weeks).
- measure
- overall response rate
- timeFrame
Eligibility
Eligibility (as posted)
- Sex
- All
- Minimum age
- 18 Years
Show eligibility criteria text
Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥18 years 2. Subject must have documented multiple myeloma as defined by the criteria below: * Monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow ≥10% at some point in their disease history or presence of a biopsy proven plasmacytoma. * Measurable disease as defined by any of the following: Serum monoclonal paraprotein (M-protein) level ≥5 g/L (0.5 g/dL); or urine M-protein level ≥200 mg/24 hours; or serum immunoglobulin free light chain ≥100 mg/L (10 mg/dL) and abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa lambda free light chain ratio (See Appendix A) 3. Relapsed from or refractory to 2 or more different prior therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs; eg, thalidomide, lenalidomide) and proteasome inhibitors, chemotherapy-based regimens, or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). * Relapse is defined as progression of disease after an initial response (MR or better) to previous treatment, more than 60 days after cessation of treatment * Refractory disease is defined as \<25% reduction in M-protein or progression of disease during treatment or within 60 days after cessation of treatment 4. WHO performance 0, 1, or 2 5. Life expectancy at least 3 months 6. Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: 1. Subject has received daratumumab or other anti-CD38 therapies, within 6 months before start of treatment (however, patients treated with daratumumab monotherapy in compassionate use program or after European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval, and have progressive disease during daratumumab after previous response, or unresponsive disease to daratumumab \[progressive disease after cycle 1, less than minimal response after cycle 2, or less than partial response after cycle 3\], may be included in Part B) 2. Non-secretory myeloma 3. Systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis or plasma cell leukemia (\>2.0x109/L circulating plasma cells by standard differential) or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia 4. Subject has known meningeal involvement of multiple myeloma 5. Subject has received anti-myeloma treatment within 2 weeks or 5 pharmacokinetic half-lives of the treatment, whichever is longer, before start of treatment. This included subjects who have received a cumulative dose of corticosteroid greater than or equal to the equivalence of 140 mg prednisone or a single dose of corticosteroid greater than or equal to the equivalence of 40 mg/day dexamethasone within the 2-week period before start of treatment. 6. Subject has previously received an allogeneic stem cell transplantation within 1 year before the date of registration and has not used immunosuppressive drugs within one months before the date of registration. 7. Inadequate marrow reserve as defined by a platelet count \<30 x 109/L or an absolute neutrophil count \<1.0 x 109/L 8. a) Subject has known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with an Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) \<50% of predicted normal. Note that FEV1 testing is required for patients suspected of having COPD and subjects must be excluded if FEV1 \<50% of predicted normal. b) Subject has known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years, or currently has uncontrolled asthma of any classification. (Note that subjects who currently have controlled intermittent asthma or controlled mild persistent asthma are allowed in the study). 9. Subject has clinically significant cardiac disease, including: * Myocardial infarction within 6 months before Cycle 1, Day 1, or unstable or uncontrolled disease/condition related to or affecting cardiac function (eg, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association Class III-IV) * Cardiac arrhythmia (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\] Version 4 Grade 2 or higher) or clinically significant ECG abnormalities. * Screening 12-lead ECG showing a baseline QT interval as corrected by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) \>470 msec. 10. Significant hepatic dysfunction (total bilirubin 3 times normal value or transaminases 3 times normal value), unless related to myeloma 11. Creatinine clearance \<20 ml/min. 12. Known hypersensitivity to components of the investigational product or severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions to humanized products. 13. Subject has any concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled medical condition (e.g. uncontrolled diabetes, infection, hypertension, etc.) that is likely to interfere with study procedures or results, or that in the opinion of the investigator would constitute a hazard for participating in this study. 14. Subject is known to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or have active hepatitis B or hepatitis C. 15. History of active malignancy during the past 5 years, except squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas of the skin and carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or malignancy that in the opinion of the local investigator, with concurrence with the principal investigator, is considered cured with minimal risk of recurrence within 5 years. 16. Subject is known or suspected of not being able to comply with the study protocol (eg, because of alcoholism, drug dependency, or psychological disorder) or the subject has any condition for which, in the opinion of the investigator, participation would not be in the best interest of the subject (eg, compromise their well-being) or that could prevent, limit, or confound the protocol-specified assessments. 17. Pregnant or lactating females 18. Women of childbearing potential not willing to use adequate contraception, defined as hormonal birth control or intrauterine device, during the trial and for 1 year after the last dose of daratumumab. For patients in the US, the use of a double-barrier method is also considered adequate. 19. Sensory or motor neuropathy of ≥grade 3.
References
Publications (4)
- RESULTvan de Donk NW, Janmaat ML, Mutis T, Lammerts van Bueren JJ, Ahmadi T, Sasser AK, Lokhorst HM, Parren PW. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 in hematological malignancies and beyond. Immunol Rev. 2016 Mar;270(1):95-112. doi: 10.1111/imr.12389. PMID 26864107
- RESULTLokhorst HM, Plesner T, Laubach JP, Nahi H, Gimsing P, Hansson M, Minnema MC, Lassen U, Krejcik J, Palumbo A, van de Donk NW, Ahmadi T, Khan I, Uhlar CM, Wang J, Sasser AK, Losic N, Lisby S, Basse L, Brun N, Richardson PG. Targeting CD38 with Daratumumab Monotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 24;373(13):1207-19. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1506348. Epub 2015 Aug 26. PMID 26308596
- RESULTNijhof IS, Groen RW, Lokhorst HM, van Kessel B, Bloem AC, van Velzen J, de Jong-Korlaar R, Yuan H, Noort WA, Klein SK, Martens AC, Doshi P, Sasser K, Mutis T, van de Donk NW. Upregulation of CD38 expression on multiple myeloma cells by all-trans retinoic acid improves the efficacy of daratumumab. Leukemia. 2015 Oct;29(10):2039-49. doi: 10.1038/leu.2015.123. Epub 2015 May 15. PMID 25975191
- DERIVEDFrerichs KA, Minnema MC, Levin MD, Broijl A, Bos GMJ, Kersten MJ, Mutis T, Verkleij CPM, Nijhof IS, Maas-Bosman PWC, Klein SK, Zweegman S, Sonneveld P, van de Donk NWCJ. Efficacy and safety of daratumumab combined with all-trans retinoic acid in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Blood Adv. 2021 Dec 14;5(23):5128-5139. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005220. PMID 34625791