Qualitative, Qualitative, and Functional Studies Over the First Year in Measuring Immune System Response During the First Year of Therapy in Patients With Brain Tumors

Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinically or histologically diagnosed primary central nervous system astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma of World Health Organization grade II, III or IV
* Anticipated to undergo treatment with concurrent chemoradiation with conformal external beam radiotherapy in combination with low-dose temozolomide (75 mg/m\^2) followed by adjuvant temozolomide (150-200 mg/m\^2)
* Able to provide informed consent
* Karnofsky performance status \>= 50%
* Willing and able to receive the tetanus toxoid and hepatitis vaccination (though prior vaccination with either vaccine is not a contraindication to eligibility)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Concurrent enrollment on an experimental study involving an agent whose primary mechanism of action is the immune system (i.e. immune checkpoint inhibition, oncologic vaccine, or other immune-directed therapies); Note: patients enrolled on an experimental study or receiving another concurrent treatment in addition to standard chemoradiation whose primary mechanism of action is NOT the immune system will be eligible for enrollment
* Patients unable to receive tetanus toxoid vaccination

  * Guillain-Barré syndrome =\< 6 weeks after previous dose of a tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine; unstable neurologic condition (e.g., cerebrovascular events and acute encephalopathic conditions) which does not include the patient's primary brain tumor; history of an Arthus reaction following a previous dose of a tetanus toxoid-containing and/or diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine
* Patients unable to receive hepatitis vaccination