Biomarkers for Personalized Early Assessment of Response During Salvage Chemotherapy in People With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (PEARL15)

* INCLUSION CRITERIA:
* Unequivocal diagnosis of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to WHO criteria confirmed by bone marrow evaluation within 30 days prior to study enrollment
* Age 18-70 years inclusive
* ECOG performance status of 0 to 2
* Must have received at least one prior AML therapy before study enrollment
* Ability to comprehend the investigational nature of the study and provide informed consent
* Availability of a physician willing to assume clinical care after completion of this research study.
* Subject agreement to use a medically-approved method of contraception to avoid pregnancy throughout the study if a woman of childbearing potential or a male subject with partner of childbearing potential.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

* Diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia
* Decreased oxygen saturation at rest (e.g. pulse oximeter less than 88% or PaO2 less than or equal to 55 millimeters of mercury)
* Clinically significant active infection not responding adequately to therapy
* Known positive or history of HIV; active Hepatitis B or C infection. If unknown, screening will be done but results are not needed before proceeding with treatment
* Prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
* Additional malignancy requiring concurrent treatment
* Uncontrolled hepatic, renal, cardiac, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, neurologic, infectious, metabolic or other disease of such severity, which in the opinion of the PI, would preclude ability to tolerate protocol.
* Severe psychiatric illness or complex social situations that would limit the patient s ability to tolerate and/or comply with study requirements.
* Active central nervous system (CNS) leukemic infiltration
* Current pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Prolonged QTc interval prior to therapy (\>470ms)