Nab-Paclitaxel, Capecitabine, and Radiation Therapy Following Induction Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
* Cytologic or histologic proof of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; patients can have tumor which is locally advanced or borderline resectable; unequivocal metastases and islet cell tumors are not eligible
* All patients must be staged with a physical exam, computed tomography (CT) of the chest and contrast-enhanced helical thin-cut abdominal CT; unresectability is defined by CT criteria:

  * Evidence of tumor extension to the celiac axis or superior mesenteric (SM) artery, or
  * Evidence on either CT or angiogram of occlusion of the SM vein or SM/portal vein confluence
* Patients must have received prior induction chemotherapy for at least 2 months and up to 8 months; at least three weeks should have elapsed after the last chemotherapy
* Platelets \> 100,000 cells/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin \> 9.0 g/dL
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500 cells/mm\^3
* Bilirubin =\< 1.5 mg/dL
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \< 2.5 x upper limit of normal
* Alkaline phosphatase \< 2.5 x upper limit of normal
* Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) \< 30 mg/dL
* Creatinine =\< 1.5 mg/dL or creatinine clearance \> 30 ml/min (estimated as calculated with Cockcroft-Gault equation)
* Patients must have signed informed consent indicating that they are aware of the investigational nature of the study, and are aware that participation is voluntary
* Patients must have \< grade 2 pre-existing peripheral neuropathy (per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\])
* Patients must have recovery from other clinically significant, non-hematologic toxicities to =\< grade 2
* Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must use an effective contraception method during treatment and for three months after completing treatment
* Negative serum or urine beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) pregnancy test at screening for female patients of childbearing potential

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior abdominal radiotherapy
* Current, recent (within 4 weeks of the first infusion of this study), or planned participation in any other experimental drug study
* Prior severe infusion reaction (bronchospasm, stridor, urticaria and/or hypotension) to a taxane therapy
* Prior unanticipated severe reaction to fluoropyrimidine therapy or known hypersensitivity to 5-fluorouracil
* Prior history of cancer within the last three years except for basal cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix; patients with previous malignancies but without evidence of disease for 3 years will be allowed to enter the trial
* Pregnant or lactating women; women of childbearing potential with either a positive or no pregnancy test at baseline; women/men of childbearing potential not using a reliable contraceptive method (oral contraceptive, other hormonal contraceptive, intrauterine device, diaphragm or condom); (postmenopausal women must have been amenorrheic for at least 12 months to be considered of non-childbearing potential); patients must agree to continue contraception for 30 days from the date of the last study drug administration
* Lack of physical integrity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, malabsorption syndrome or inability to swallow
* Known, existing uncontrolled coagulopathy, international normalized ratio (INR) \> 1.5
* Patients on Coumadin must be changed to Lovenox at least 1 week prior to starting capecitabine; low dose (1 mg) Coumadin is allowed; intravenous and low-molecular weight heparin are permitted
* Patients taking sorivudine or brivudine must be off of these drugs for 4 weeks prior to starting capecitabine; patients taking cimetidine must have this drug discontinued; ranitidine or a drug from another anti-ulcer class can be substituted for cimetidine if necessary; if patient is currently receiving allopurinol, must discuss with principal investigator (PI) to see of another agent may substitute for it
* Inability to comply with study and/or follow-up procedures
* History of interstitial lung disease, history of slowly progressive dyspnea and unproductive cough, sarcoidosis, silicosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or pulmonary hypersensitivity pneumonitis