Carbon-11 Acetate and Fluorine F 18 Sodium Fluoride PET as a Biomarker of Treatment Response in Patients With Hormone Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients preparing to receive systemic therapy to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
* At the time of enrollment, patients must demonstrate evidence of castration-resistant prostate cancer with a documented castrate level of serum total testosterone (\< 50 ng/dL) while on continuous androgen deprivation therapy
* Be informed of the investigational nature of this study and provide written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines prior to study-specific screening procedures
* Be willing and able to comply with scheduled visits and other trial procedures
* Presence of at least one measurable or detectable metastasis as defined by bone scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT) scan appearance (magnetic resonance imaging \[MRI\] if indicated), or plain x-ray appearance

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any condition that would alter the patient's mental status, prohibiting the basic understanding and/or authorization of informed consent
* A serious underlying medical condition that would otherwise impair the patient's ability to receive treatment and imaging studies
* Expected lifespan of 12 weeks or less
* Extremely poor intravenous access, prohibiting the placement of a peripheral IV line for injection of radiotracer
* Radiation treatment to bone less than 4 weeks from the first PET scan
* Radiopharmaceutical treatment to bone less than 4 weeks from first PET scan
* Treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or granulocyte (G-CSF) within 4 weeks prior to first PET scan; patients should avoid treatment with these agents between the baseline and 6-12 treatment week imaging sessions
* Inability to lie still for imaging
* Weight \> 300 pounds (lbs)