Everolimus for Children With Recurrent or Progressive Ependymoma

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis and Age: Ependymoma (WHO grade II) or Anaplastic Ependymoma (WHO grade III) that has relapsed or become refractory to standard therapy. Patients must have had histologic verification of their malignancy at original diagnosis or time of recurrence. Age must be ≥ 2 years and ≤ 21 years of age at study entry.
2. Tumor tissue must be available (from either time of initial diagnosis or relapse) and submitted for central pathology review and correlative biological studies.
3. Performance status: Lansky ≥ 50% for patients ≤ 10 years of age or Karnofsky ≥ 50% for patients \> 10 years of age.
4. Adequate bone marrow, liver and renal function.
5. Fasting serum cholesterol ≤ 300 mg/dL OR ≤ 7.75 mmol/L AND fasting triglycerides ≤ 2.5 x the upper limit of normal. 6. Patients must have measurable residual disease, defined as tumor that is measurable in two diameters on MRI. Diffuse leptomeningeal disease is not considered measurable.
6. Prior Therapy: Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy prior to participating in this trial. No prior myelosuppressive chemotherapy for 28 days prior to study enrollment. Must not have received craniospinal radiation therapy within 24 weeks prior to study entry and no involved field radiation therapy for 12 weeks prior to study enrollment. If patients received prior monoclonal antibody treatment, at least three half-lives must be elapsed by the time of treatment initiation. No investigational drugs for 4 weeks prior to study enrollment.
7. MRI of the brain and the complete spine: All patients must have an MRI of the brain and spine that has measurable tumor (not only diffuse leptomeningeal tumor) within two weeks prior to study enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior treatment with Everolimus or other rapamycin analogs (e.g. sirolimus, temsirolimus).
2. Concommitant use of medications known to have inhibition or induction of CYP3A enzymes. Systemic corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone is a CYP3A inducer) are not allowed. Inhaled corticosteroids are allowed.
3. Known impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of oral Everolimus.
4. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus as defined by HbA1c \> 8% despite adequate therapy. Patients with a known history of impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus may be included, however blood glucose and antidiabetic treatment must be monitored closely throughout the trial and adjusted as necessary.