Study on Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male with history of anal sex with men or previous participants of the MSM VCT study.
2. Age 18 years old or older.
3. Indonesian or Malaysian or Thai citizen as identified by the Indonesian or Malaysian or Thai National Identification card.
4. Willing to provide location or contact information and allow contact.
5. Available for follow-up for the planned study duration.
6. Understand the study and sign informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of prior treatment for anal cancer OR had anal cytology or high-resolution anoscopy or infrared coagulation within 12 months prior to enrollment OR had trichloroacetic acid or podophyllin application of the intraanal area in the past month OR evidence of active concurrent intraanal or perianal bacterial or herpes simplex infection.
2. Persons who have a history of a medical or psychiatric disorder by investigator's interview and physical examination according to standard practices, that in the judgment of the investigator(s), would interfere with ability to give informed consent.