An Open Label Randomised Trial of RNActive® Cancer Vaccine in High Risk and Intermediate Risk Patients With Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male aged ≥18 years
2. Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate with at least one of the following criteria for intermediate to high risk disease:

   * Gleason Score 7-10
   * Serum PSA \> 10 ng/mL
   * cT2b-c / cT3a without tumor fixation to adjacent organs
3. Absence of very high risk or metastatic disease (i.e. cT3b-T4 N0 or any T, N1 or M1) confirmed by EITHER CT or MRI of the abdomen and pelvis (in patients with a Gleason score ≥ 8 or a clinical stage T3) and bone scintigraphy (in patients with a PSA of ≥ 10 ng/mL, a Gleason score ≥ 8, a clinical stage T3 or bone pain or other symptoms of metastatic disease)
4. Patient is physically fit and eligible for radical prostatectomy based on best clinical evidence and has already decided to undergo radical prostatectomy after discussion of potential alternative treatment options.
5. ECOG 0 or 1
6. No prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (including TURP), pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, antihormonal therapy or chemotherapy
7. Adequate organ function:

   * Bone marrow function: hemoglobin ≥ 12 g/dL; white blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 3.0 x 109/L; lymphocyte count ≥ 1.0 x 109/L; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L; platelet count ≥ 150 x 109/L
   * Hepatic: AST, ALT and GGT ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN); bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN
   * Renal: creatinine ≤ 2 mg/dL and creatinine clearance ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2
8. Fertile men and their female partners must use a highly effective method of contraception resulting in a low failure rate (i.e. less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly. Those methods include implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intrauterine devices (IUDs) or abstinence. The contraception should be applied from enrollment until 4 weeks after the last vaccination.
9. Written informed consent must be obtained prior to conducting any study-specific procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Concurrent treatment with systemic steroids or other immunosuppressive agents \[except topical (inhaled, topical, nasal) and replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency\] should be strictly avoided throughout the study, concomitant treatment with immunomodulating agents including herbal remedies (e.g. mistletoe extract) has to be avoided during study treatment and must be discontinued at least 28 days prior to the start of treatment
2. Previous therapies with investigational anticancer agents including cancer vaccines or other cancer immunotherapies
3. Prior splenectomy
4. Prior allogeneic bone marrow transplant
5. History of autoimmune disorders such as sarcoidosis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis or systemic vasculitis (except autoimmune thyroiditis with only thyroid hormone replacement and stable disease \> 1 year)
6. Primary or secondary immune deficiency
7. Seropositive for HIV, HBV (except after Hep B vaccination) or HCV infection
8. History of other malignancies over the last 5 years (except adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin)
9. Uncontrolled medical condition considered as high risk for the treatment with an investigational drug including unstable diabetes mellitus, symptomatic congestive heart failure (NYHA 3 and 4); coronary heart disease with unstable angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, or coronary artery intervention (PTCA, stenting) within 6 months prior to enrolment; significant cardiac arrhythmia, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Severe hypertension according to WHO criteria or systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg at the time of enrolment.
10. History of seizures, encephalitis or multiple sclerosis
11. History of inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn´s disease or ulcerative colitis
12. Active drug abuse or chronic alcoholism
13. Active skin disease (atopic eczema, psoriasis) in the areas for vaccine injection preventing the i.d. administration of study product into areas of healthy skin
14. Allergies to any component of the study drug including known allergy to protamine sulphate (e.g. allergy to protamine containing insulins) or fish allergy.
15. Prior vasectomy
16. Known type I allergy to β-lactam antibiotics
17. Active infections (including acute prostatitis) requiring anti-infectious therapy at the time of enrolment: leucocytosis ≥ 9000/μL; CRP elevation ≥ 2.5 times upper limit of normal or leucocyturia of ≥ 75 cells/μl (equals ≥ grade 2+ on two consecutive Combur® urinalysis specimen)
18. Uncontrolled urinary retention or hydronephrosis
19. Inability to provide informed consent due to mental impairment