Eribulin Mesylate in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Osteosarcoma

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have had histologic verification of osteosarcoma at original diagnosis
* Patients must have measurable disease, documented by clinical, radiographic, or histologic criteria, and have relapsed or become refractory to conventional therapy
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Patients must have a life expectancy of \>= 8 weeks
* Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study

  * Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: must not have received within 2 weeks of entry onto this study (6 weeks if prior nitrosourea)
  * Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): at least 7 days since the completion of therapy with a biologic agent
  * Bisphosphonates: at least 4 weeks since the completion of therapy with a bisphosphonate
  * Monoclonal antibodies: at least 3 half-lives must have elapsed since prior therapy that included a monoclonal antibody
  * Radiation therapy (RT): \>= 2 weeks (wks) for local palliative RT (small port); \>= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if \>= 50% radiation of pelvis; \>= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL
* Platelet count \>= 75,000/uL (transfusion independent)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell \[RBC\] transfusions)
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or
* A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows: (threshold creatinine values were derived from the Schwartz formula for estimating GFR)

  * Age (12 to \< 13 years) - serum creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL
  * Age (13 to \< 16 years) - serum creatinine of 1.5 mg/dL (male) and 1.4 mg/dL (female)
  * Age (\>= 16 years) - serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/dL (male) and 1.4 mg/dL (female)
* Bilirubin (sum of conjugate + unconjugated) =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
* Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 110 units per liter (U/L); for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
* Serum albumin \> 2 g/dL
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram
* Ejection fraction of \>= 50% by radionuclide angiogram
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with congenital prolonged QT syndrome
* Patients with a baseline QT/corrected QT (QTc) interval \>= 501 msec
* Patients who are receiving drugs that prolong the QTc are not eligible
* Patients who have previously received eribulin, halichondrin B, or analogues of halichondrin B
* Patients who have grade \>= 2 peripheral neuropathy
* Patients who are receiving other cancer directed therapy at the time of enrollment
* Patients who have had major surgery within 3 weeks prior to enrollment are not eligible; procedures such as placement of a central vascular catheter, or limited tumor biopsy, are not considered major surgery
* Pregnancy and breast feeding

  * Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible
  * Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants
  * Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained
  * Sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation