T-DM1 vs Paclitaxel/Trastuzumab for Breast (ATEMPT Trial)

This research study is a Phase II clinical trial. Phase II clinical trials test the effectiveness of an investigational drug to learn whether the drug works in treating a specific cancer. "Investigational" means that the drug is still being studied and that research doctors are trying to find out more about it-such as the safest dose to use, the side effects it may cause, and if the drug is effective for treating different types of cancer. It also means that the FDA has not approved this drug for use patients undergoing adjuvant treatment for HER2+ breast cancer. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is a drug that may stop cancer cells from growing. This drug has been used in other research studies and information from those other research studies suggests that this drug may help to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer in this research study. The use of T-DM1 in this research study is experimental, which means it is not approved by any regulatory authority for the adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, it FDA-approved for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. T-DM1 has caused cancer cells to die in laboratory studies. In preclinical studies, this drug has prevented or slowed the growth of breast cancer. The breast cancer treatments (paclitaxel and Trastuzumab) used in this study are considered part of standard-of-care regimens in early breast cancer. A standard treatment means that this is a treatment that would be accepted by the majority of the medical community as a suitable treatment for your type of breast cancer. In this research study, the investigators are looking to see if the study drug T-DM1 will have less side effects than traditional HER2-positive breast cancer treatment of trastuzumab and paclitaxel. The investigators are also hoping to learn about the long term benefits and disease-free survival of participants who take the study drug T-DM1 in comparison to those participants to take the combination of trastuzumab and paclitaxel.

Sex

All

Minimum age

18 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* HER2-positive Stage I histologically confirmed invasive carcinoma of the breast
* ER/PR determination is required
* HER2 positive, confirmed by central testing: IHC 3+, FISH HER2/CEP17 \<2.0 with an average HER2 copy number \>/=6.0, or FISH HER2/CEP17 \>/= 2.0
* Bilateral breast cancers that individually meet eligibility criteria are allowed
* Subjects with multifocal or multicentric disease are eligible as long as each tumor individually meets eligibility criteria
* Subjects with a history of ipsilateral DCIS are eligible if they were treated with wide-excision alone, without radiation therapy; Patients with a history of contralateral DCIS are not eligible.
* Should have tumor tissue available and a tissue block of sufficient size to make 15 slides, which must be sent to a DFCI site for testing
* Less than or equal to 90 days since most recent breast surgery for this breast cancer
* All tumor should be removed by either a modified radical mastectomy or a segmental mastectomy (lumpectomy) with either a sentinel node biopsy or axillary dissection
* All margins should be clear of invasive cancer or DCIS
* May have received up to 4 weeks of tamoxifen therapy or other hormonal therapy, for adjuvant therapy for this cancer
* Prior oophorectomy for cancer prevention is allowed
* Subjects who have undergone partial breast radiation (duration \</= 7 days) prior to registration are eligible. Partial breast radiation must be completed prior to 2 weeks before starting protocol therapy.
* Must have discontinued any investigational drug at least 2 weeks prior to participation
* Willing to use one highly effective from of nonhormonal contraception or two effective forms of nonhormonal contraception while on study and for 7 months after end of study treatment
* Subjects undergoing lumpectomy must have no contraindications to radiation therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* Use of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors during the study treatment period
* Excessive alcohol intake (more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day)
* Locally advanced tumors at diagnosis
* History of previous invasive breast cancer
* History of prior chemotherapy in the past 5 years
* History of prior trastuzumab or prior paclitaxel therapy
* Active, unresolved infection
* Active liver disease
* History of a different malignancy except for the following: disease free for at least 5 years and at low risk for recurrence; cervical cancer in situ, basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
* Active cardiac disease

• DERIVEDTarantino P, Tayob N, Villacampa G, Dang C, Yardley DA, Isakoff SJ, Valero V, Faggen M, Mulvey T, Bose R, Weckstein D, Wolff AC, Reeder-Hayes K, Rugo HS, Ramaswamy B, Zuckerman D, Hart L, Gadi VK, Constantine M, Cheng K, Garrett AM, Marcom PK, Albain K, DeFusco P, Tung N, Ardman B, Nanda R, Jankowitz RC, Rimawi M, Abramson V, Pohlmann PR, Van Poznak C, Forero-Torres A, Liu MC, Ruddy KJ, Waks AG, DeMeo M, Burstein HJ, Partridge AH, Dell'Orto P, Russo L, Krause E, Newhouse DJ, Kurt BB, Mittendorf EA, Schneider B, Prat A, Winer EP, Krop IE, Tolaney SM; Consortium of the TBCRC Translational Investigators; TBCRC Translational Investigators. Adjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine Versus Paclitaxel Plus Trastuzumab for Stage I Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer: 5-Year Results and Correlative Analyses From ATEMPT. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Nov;42(31):3652-3665. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.02170. Epub 2024 Jun 27. PMID 38935923
• DERIVEDSella T, Zheng Y, Tayob N, Ruddy KJ, Freedman RA, Dang C, Yardley D, Isakoff SJ, Valero V, DeMeo M, Burstein HJ, Winer EP, Wolff AC, Krop I, Partridge AH, Tolaney SM. Treatment discontinuation, patient-reported toxicities and quality-of-life by age following trastuzumab emtansine or paclitaxel/trastuzumab (ATEMPT). NPJ Breast Cancer. 2022 Nov 30;8(1):127. doi: 10.1038/s41523-022-00495-x. PMID 36450763
• DERIVEDBarroso-Sousa R, Tarantino P, Tayob N, Dang C, Yardley DA, Isakoff SJ, Valero V, Faggen M, Mulvey T, Bose R, Hu J, Weckstein D, Wolff AC, Reeder-Hayes K, Rugo HS, Ramaswamy B, Zuckerman D, Hart L, Gadi VK, Constantine M, Cheng K, Briccetti F, Schneider B, Garrett AM, Marcom K, Albain K, DeFusco P, Tung N, Ardman B, Nanda R, Jankowitz RC, Rimawi M, Abramson V, Pohlmann PR, Van Poznak C, Forero-Torres A, Liu M, Ruddy KJ, Zheng Y, Rosenberg SM, Gelber RD, Trippa L, Barry W, DeMeo M, Burstein H, Partridge A, Winer EP, Krop I, Tolaney SM. Cardiac outcomes of subjects on adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine vs paclitaxel in combination with trastuzumab for stage I HER2-positive breast cancer (ATEMPT) study (TBCRC033): a randomized controlled trial. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2022 Feb 16;8(1):18. doi: 10.1038/s41523-022-00385-2. PMID 35173164
• DERIVEDTolaney SM, Tayob N, Dang C, Yardley DA, Isakoff SJ, Valero V, Faggen M, Mulvey T, Bose R, Hu J, Weckstein D, Wolff AC, Reeder-Hayes K, Rugo HS, Ramaswamy B, Zuckerman D, Hart L, Gadi VK, Constantine M, Cheng K, Briccetti F, Schneider B, Garrett AM, Marcom K, Albain K, DeFusco P, Tung N, Ardman B, Nanda R, Jankowitz RC, Rimawi M, Abramson V, Pohlmann PR, Van Poznak C, Forero-Torres A, Liu M, Ruddy K, Zheng Y, Rosenberg SM, Gelber RD, Trippa L, Barry W, DeMeo M, Burstein H, Partridge A, Winer EP, Krop I. Adjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine Versus Paclitaxel in Combination With Trastuzumab for Stage I HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (ATEMPT): A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jul 20;39(21):2375-2385. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03398. Epub 2021 Jun 2.