Evaluation of Circulating T Cells and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) During / After Pre-Surgery Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients are eligible to be in the study if they meet all of the following criteria:

* Histologically or cytologically documented non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
* Clinical stage 1B (≥4cm per CT), Stage 2A/2B, or Stage 3 (N0-2) amenable to surgical resection
* Patients must be deemed a surgical candidate
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
* No prior chemotherapy for current diagnosis of lung cancer
* Age is ≥ (greater than or equal to) 18 years
* No active invasive malignancy in the past 2 years other than non-melanoma skin cancer. Cancers that are in-situ are not considered invasive
* Signed written informed consent including Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization according to institutional guidelines
* Adequate Organ Function:

  * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) or absolute granulocyte count (AGC) ≥1500 per microliter (uL)
  * Platelets ≥ 100,000 per uL
  * Total bilirubin ≤(less than or equal to)1.5 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL)
  * Creatinine clearance ≥ 45 milliliter per minute (mL / min); (Creatinine \< 2mg / dL to receive cisplatin)
  * Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase / Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT/SGPT) ≤ 2.5x institutional upper limit normal (ULN)
* Females of child-bearing potential (not surgically sterilized and between menarche and 1 year post menopause) must test negative for pregnancy within 48 hours prior to any initial study procedure based on a serum pregnancy test. Both sexually active males and females of reproductive potential must agree to use a reliable method of birth control, as determined by the patient and their health care team, during the study and for 3 months following the last dose of study drug. If subject uses appropriate contraceptive methods (the use of two forms at the same time) from the time of the initial serum pregnancy test, then the subsequent pregnancy test can be done within 72 hours of receiving study drug administration. If appropriate contraceptive measures are not begun immediately with the first serum pregnancy test, then subsequent serum pregnancy tests must be done within 48 hours prior to the study drug administration
* Patients must agree to research blood sampling to participate in study

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria:

* Have had treatment within the last 30 days with a drug that has not received regulatory (Food and Drug Administration (FDA)) approval for any indication at the time of study entry
* Concurrent administration of any other anti-tumor therapy
* Inability to comply with protocol or study procedures
* Active infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics, antifungal or antiviral agents, that in the opinion of the investigator would compromise the patient's ability to tolerate therapy
* Major surgery (other than definitive lung cancer surgery) within two weeks of study or other serious concomitant systemic disorders that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the safety of the patient or compromise the patient's ability to complete the study
* Myocardial infarction (MI) having occurred less than 6 months before inclusion, any known uncontrolled arrhythmia, symptomatic angina pectoris, active ischemia, or cardiac failure not controlled by medications
* Contraindication to corticosteroids
* Unwillingness to stop taking herbal supplements while on study
* Female patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding
* Autoimmune disease. Patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease, are excluded from this study, as are patients with a history of symptomatic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis \[scleroderma\], systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis \[eg, Wegener's Granulomatosis\]); motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g. Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis)
* Any non-oncology vaccine therapy used for prevention of infectious diseases (for up to 1 month before or after any dose of ipilimumab)
* A history of prior treatment with ipilimumab or prior CD137 agonist or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA 4) inhibitor or agonist
* Prisoners or patients who are compulsorily detained (involuntarily incarcerated) for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical (e.g., infectious) illness