A Protocol of Irinotecan for Carcinoma of the Lung

Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects must be 18 years of age or greater with histologically or cytologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer that is advanced and cannot be treated adequately by radiotherapy or surgery; or metastatic or recurrent disease after at least one prior chemotherapy regimen
* Prior invasive malignancies are allowed, provided at least five years has elapsed since the completion of therapy and enrollment on this protocol.
* All participants must have received at least one prior chemotherapy regimen for metastatic NSCLC; prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC will also be allowed, but will NOT be counted toward the number of regimens for metastatic disease unless patients develop evidence of metastatic disease within six months of the initiation of the adjuvant chemotherapy, indicating resistance to platinum-based therapy. There is no limit on the number of prior regimens allowed, provided the patient meets all other eligibility criteria. Patients who may best benefit from the application of specific targeted therapies (i.e., erlotinib for EGFR exon 19 or 21 activating mutations, or crizotinib for EML4-ALK translocations) will be eligible for this protocol only after documented progression through such targeted therapy AND a platinum-based doublet regimen
* All participants must have the appropriate phenotype on pretreatment screening of tumor tissue or sputa, consisting of ISG15-positive cells by immunohistochemistry (staining score of 4-12, as defined in section 4.2), performed by the UK Department of Pathology, and must agree to have their tissues evaluated for ISG15 expression (a separate informed consent will be requested). Potential participants who have no available tissue for assessment will be offered sputum assessment or tissue biopsy if it can be performed safely, potential disease sites can be safely approached, and only if it is the opinion or their attending physician that participation in this protocol represents their best treatment option at this time. Subjects with assessable material will not be required to undergo a separate biopsy solely for participation in this protocol.
* Subjects must have the following baseline laboratory values (bone marrow, renal, hepatic):
* Adequate bone marrow function:
* Absolute neutrophil count \>1000/μL
* Platelet count \>100'000/μL
* Serum creatinine \< 2.0 mg/dL
* Bilirubin \<1.5x normal
* Serum calcium \< 12 mg/dl
* Signed Informed Consent
* ECOG Performance Status \<2
* Life expectancy \> 16 weeks
* Patients must have measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded for non-nodal lesions and short axis for nodal lesions) as \>20 mm with conventional techniques or as \>10 mm with spiral CT scan, MRI, or calipers by clinical exam. See Section 11 for the evaluation of measurable disease.
* Patients of childbearing potential must be using an effective means of contraception.

The effects of Irinotecan on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because camptothecins are known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 4 months after completion of irinotecan administration.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior therapy with irinotecan, topotecan, or other camptothecin analog
* Patients whose tumor harbors an EGFR exon 19 or 21 mutation who has not yet received prior therapy with an EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as erlotinib or gefitinib
* Patients whose tumor harbors an EML4/ALK translocation and who has not yet received crizotinib
* Pregnant or lactating females
* Myocardial infarction or ischemia, or active cerebrovascular disease, within the 6 months before Cycle 1' Day 1
* Uncontrolled clinically significant dysrhythmia
* Prior radiotherapy to an indicator lesion unless there is objective evidence of tumor growth in that lesion
* Uncontrolled metastatic disease of the central nervous system (previously treated, stable disease is allowable on this protocol)
* Radiotherapy within the 2 weeks before registration
* Surgery within the 2 weeks before registration
* Any co morbid condition that' in the view of the attending physician' renders the patient at high risk from treatment complications
* Patients who have had chemotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier.
* Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents.
* Patients with known untreated brain metastases should be excluded from this clinical trial because of their poor prognosis and because they often develop progressive neurologic dysfunction that would confound the evaluation of neurologic and other adverse events.
* Pregnant women are excluded from this study because Irinotecan is a camptothecin with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with Irinotecan, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with Irinotecan.
* HIV-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible because of the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with Irinotecan. In addition, these patients are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy. Appropriate studies will be undertaken in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy when indicated.