Lenalidomide With or Without Rituximab in Treating Patients With Progressive or Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Prolymphocytic Leukemia, or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Previously Treated With Donor Stem Cell Transplant

Inclusion Criteria:

* Understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent form
* Able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements
* Patients with CLL/SLL/PLL or NHL and who:

  * Met the criteria of relapse or progression after allogeneic HCT according to the HCT protocol or the attending discretion and who,
  * Not responding to appropriate tapering of immunosuppressive medications
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1500/mm\^3 or \>= 1000/mm\^3 if ANC has persistently \< 1500/ mm\^3 for more than 2 weeks
* Platelet count (transfusion independent) \>= 50,000/mm\^3 or \>= 20,000/mm\^3 if platelet count has persistently \< 50,000/mm\^3 for more than 2 weeks
* Creatinine clearance \>= 30ml/min by Cockcroft-Gault formula
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or =\< 3 x ULN if total bilirubin has been persistently \> 1.5 x ULN for more than 2 weeks
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\]) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 3 x ULN or =\< 5 x ULN if AST or ALT have been persistently \> 3 x ULN for more than 2 weeks
* Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 50 mIU/mL within 10 - 14 days and again within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide for Cycle 1 (prescriptions must be filled within 7 days) and must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before she starts taking lenalidomide; FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing; men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP even if they have had a successful vasectomy
* All study participants must be registered into the mandatory RevAssist program, and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of RevAssist
* Study participants with risk factors for venous thrombo-embolism (VTE), such as previous VTE, cardiac disease, chronic renal insufficiency, and/or poorly controlled diabetes, should be able to comply with some degree of prophylactic anticoagulation using aspirin 81 or 325 mg daily, coumadin, or low molecular weight heparin

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any serious medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the patient from signing the informed consent form
* Pregnant or breast feeding females; (lactating females must agree not to breast feed while taking lenalidomide)
* Any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study
* Known hypersensitivity to thalidomide
* The development of erythema nodosum if characterized by a desquamating rash while taking thalidomide or similar drugs
* Resistance to prior use of lenalidomide, defined as progression on full dose lenalidomide within the first two cycles of therapy
* Concurrent use of other anti-cancer agents or treatments
* Known seropositive for or active viral infection with human immunodeficiency virus
* Karnofsky performance status \< 50%
* Active grades III or IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)