Vaccine Therapy in Combination With Rintatolimod and/or Sargramostim in Treating Patients With Stage II-IV HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with stage II, or III HER2+ breast cancer who have completed definitive standard treatment and are in complete remission - or -
* Patients with stage IV HER2+ breast cancer treated to:

  * No evidence of disease, or
  * Stable bone only disease after definitive therapy
* Patients must have demonstrated HER2 positive disease, by one of the following methods:

  * Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 1+, 2+ or 3+ for the HER2 protein, or
  * Amplification of the HER2 gene on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
* Patients must be at least 14 days post cytotoxic chemotherapy prior to enrollment
* Patients must be at least 14 days post systemic steroids prior to enrollment
* Patients on bisphosphonates or continued hormone therapy are eligible
* Men and women of reproductive ability must agree to contraceptive use during the entire study period
* Patients must have Zubrod Performance Status Score of =\< 2
* Patients must have recovered from major infections and/or surgical procedures, and in the opinion of the investigator, not have any significant active concurrent medical illnesses precluding protocol treatment
* White blood cell count (WBC) \>= 3000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin (Hgb) \>= 10 mg/dl
* Serum creatinine =\< 2.0 mg/dl or creatinine clearance \> 60 ml/min
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 mg/dl
* Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) =\< 2.5 times the upper limit of normal
* Patients on trastuzumab monotherapy must have adequate cardiac function as demonstrated by normal ejection fractions (EF) on multi gated acquisition scan (MUGA) scan or echocardiogram performed within the last 3 months of eligibility sign off

Exclusion Criteria:

* Restrictive cardiomyopathy
* Unstable angina within 6 months prior to enrollment
* New York Heart Association functional class III-IV heart failure
* Symptomatic pericardial effusion
* Patients with any contraindication to receiving rhuGM-CSF based products
* Patients with any clinically significant autoimmune disease requiring active treatment
* Patients receiving any concurrent immunomodulators within 30 days of eligibility sign-off
* Patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding
* Patients who are simultaneously enrolled in any other treatment study
* Patients who have received a previous HER2 breast cancer vaccine