A Trial to Evaluate the Improvement in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation With or Without Brachytherapy

Inclusion Criteria:

* Cytologic or histologic proof of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
* Stages III, IV or recurrent disease
* Documented endobronchial luminal disease by either endoscopy or CT-imaging
* Candidate for palliative thoracic radiation therapy because of cough, shortness of breath or hemoptysis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18 years of age
* Uncontrolled or symptomatic brain metastases
* Anticipated survival of less than 3 months
* Systemic therapy planned to begin within 6 weeks following randomization
* Systemic therapy within 4 weeks of planned study randomization
* Any prior radiotherapy involving the lungs
* Cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to study randomization
* Inability to receive sedation or undergo invasive procedures due to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bleeding disorders, or other medical conditions which will preclude the use of HDRIB
* Pregnancy, lactation, or failure to use dual-method contraception in pre-menopausal women
* Unwillingness or inability (e.g. incompetence, severe psychiatric disorders) to complete informed consent and the baseline QoL assessments required for the trial
* Having received an investigational agent within one month of study randomization
* Inability to attend regular follow-up evaluations due to psychiatric or addictive disorder or geographic inaccessibility