Trial of Amrubicin as Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Refractory Urothelial Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written informed consent
2. Age \> 18 years
3. Karnofsky performance status of ≥ 80%
4. Histological or cytological proof of transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. The primary site may include: urethra, bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis.
5. Progressive advanced/metastatic disease despite prior chemotherapy:

   * Patients may have received one prior chemotherapy regimen.
   * Prior chemotherapy may have been administered in the perioperative setting (neoadjuvant or adjuvant) or 1st line metastatic setting.
6. Measurable disease according to RECIST 1.1
7. Females of childbearing potential and males must be willing to use an effective method of contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) from the time consent is signed until 8 weeks after treatment discontinuation.
8. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days prior to being registered for protocol therapy.
9. Adequate organ function including the following:

   * Adequate bone marrow reserve: absolute neutrophil count (segmented and bands) (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L, platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L, and hemoglobin ≥ 9 mg/L,
   * Hepatic: bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN), ALT and AST ≤ 3.0 x ULN (or ≤ 5.0 x ULN in the presence of hepatic metastases)
   * Renal: serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min,
   * Cardiac: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50% or ≥ the lower limit of the institutional normal by echocardiogram (ECHO) or multiple gated acquisition scan (MUGA);

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has had major surgery within 30 days of starting study treatment.
2. Has active CNS metastases. Subjects with neurological symptoms must undergo a head CT scan or brain MRI to exclude brain metastasis.
3. Has a history of a prior malignancy with the exception of the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, clinically localized prostate cancer treated with definitive local therapy and without evidence of recurrent disease and without the need for androgen deprivation therapy, or other cancer for which the subject has been disease-free for at least 5 years.
4. Has had treatment with another anticancer agent or investigational agent within 30 days prior to being registered for protocol therapy.
5. Has had prior radiation therapy to \> 25% of the bone marrow.

   * NOTE: No radiation therapy within 30 days prior to being registered for protocol therapy.
6. Has a clinically significant infection as judged by the treating investigator.
7. Pregnant or nursing females.
8. Patients with known history of seropositive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or patients who are receiving immunosuppressive medications that would, in the opinion of the investigator, increase the risk of serious neutropenic complications.
9. History of congestive heart failure
10. History of recent myocardial infarction
11. History of interstitial lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis or symptomatic pulmonary disease